All Flashcards
Who was Margaret Thatcher?
The Prime Minister of Great Britain who implemented free market policies focused on inflation control and deregulation.
Who was Ronald Reagan?
The US President who implemented Reaganomics, aiming to lower taxes and reduce inflation.
Who was Deng Xiaoping?
The Chinese leader who initiated economic reforms, introducing elements of free markets into the socialist economy.
Who was Augusto Pinochet?
The Chilean leader who implemented privatization and inflation stabilization policies known as the 'Miracle of Chile'.
Who was Harry Truman?
The U.S. President who advocated for the Truman Doctrine, providing monetary aid to countries to prevent the spread of communism.
What is Economic Globalization?
Increased interconnectedness of world economies through trade, investments, and financial flows.
What are Multinational Corporations (MNCs)?
Companies operating globally, headquartered in a specific region but functioning across many countries.
What is Free Market Economics?
An economic system where businesses and property are primarily owned by individuals, with limited government intervention.
What is Economic Liberalization?
The process where governments remove controls over markets, promoting deregulation and privatization.
What is a Post-Industrial Economy?
An economy where the service sector dominates over manufacturing, leading to a decline in manufacturing jobs.
What is a Knowledge Economy?
An economy based on communication technology and the spread of information, emphasizing design and innovation.
What is McDonaldization?
The spread of fast-food restaurant principles (efficiency, predictability, standardization) impacting culture and local systems.
Define Transnational Corporations.
MNCs with a global reach, less confined to any single country's laws, operating across national boundaries.
What is the Rust Belt?
Industrial cities in the US Midwest that experienced economic decline due to decreased manufacturing.
What are Asian Tigers?
Countries that created export-processing economies through education and low wages.
What were the causes and effects of the Truman Doctrine?
Cause: Fear of communism spreading. Effect: US monetary aid to countries like Greece and Turkey, promoting capitalism.
What were the causes and effects of Economic Liberalization?
Cause: End of the Cold War, desire for economic growth. Effect: Removal of government controls, privatization, increased global trade.
What were the causes and effects of Post-Industrial Economies?
Cause: Technological advancements, outsourcing. Effect: Decline in manufacturing jobs, rise of service sector, Rust Belt.
What were the causes and effects of the Knowledge Economy?
Cause: Advancements in communication technology. Effect: Focus on information, design, and innovation, reliance on technology.
What are the causes and effects of McDonaldization?
Cause: Spread of Western values and corporate efficiency. Effect: Cultural homogenization, undermining of local food systems.
What were the causes and effects of Reaganomics?
Cause: Desire to stimulate the economy and reduce inflation. Effect: Lower taxes, decreased inflation and unemployment, but also increased national debt.
What were the causes and effects of Thatcher's policies?
Cause: High inflation and economic stagnation. Effect: Reduced government spending, privatization, and deregulation, leading to economic restructuring.
What were the causes and effects of Deng Xiaoping's reforms?
Cause: Desire to modernize and grow the Chinese economy. Effect: Price and tax reforms, private ownership, and rapid economic growth.
What were the causes and effects of Pinochet's economic policies?
Cause: Economic instability and hyperinflation. Effect: Privatization of state-owned companies and stabilization of inflation, but also social inequality.
What were the causes and effects of MNCs?
Causes: Desire for global market access, lower production costs. Effects: Economic growth in some regions, exploitation of labor in others, cultural homogenization.