The surprise attack by Japan on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, led to the US entering World War II.

A major turning point on the Eastern Front, halting the German advance into the Soviet Union.

The Allied invasion of Normandy, marking the beginning of the liberation of Western Europe from Nazi control.

Led to Japan's surrender and the end of World War II, but also demonstrated the devastating power of nuclear weapons.

A period of political repression and executions under Joseph Stalin, eliminating perceived enemies of the state.

Marked an early act of aggression by Japan, violating international agreements and setting the stage for further expansion.

An aerial campaign by the German Luftwaffe against Britain in 1940; Britain's successful defense prevented a German invasion.

A meeting of Nazi officials in 1942 to coordinate the 'Final Solution,' the systematic extermination of Jews.

A crucial naval battle in the Pacific, where the US Navy decisively defeated the Japanese fleet, marking a turning point in the Pacific Theater.

A non-aggression pact between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union in 1939, which secretly divided Eastern Europe into spheres of influence.

Causes: End of WWI, desire to punish Germany. Effects: German resentment, economic hardship, rise of extremist ideologies.

Causes: Stock market crash, economic instability. Effects: Worldwide economic hardship, rise of extremist ideologies, increased international tensions.

Causes: Need for resources, desire for regional dominance. Effects: Invasion of Manchuria, war with China, increased tensions with the US.

Causes: Desire to avoid war, belief that Hitler's demands were reasonable. Effects: Allowed Hitler to expand German territory, emboldened further aggression, ultimately failed to prevent war.

Causes: Nazi ideology, anti-Semitism, systematic persecution of Jews. Effects: Genocide of millions of Jews, creation of Israel, increased awareness of human rights.

Causes: Need to mobilize populations, demonize the enemy, and maintain morale. Effects: Increased support for the war effort, demonization of the enemy, censorship and control of information.

Causes: Desire to avoid foreign entanglements, focus on domestic issues. Effects: Delayed US entry into the war, allowed Axis powers to expand, ultimately unsustainable after Pearl Harbor.

Causes: Fear of German nuclear weapons, desire to end the war quickly. Effects: Devastation of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japanese surrender, beginning of the nuclear age and Cold War.

Causes: Stalin's desire to modernize agriculture and consolidate power. Effects: Widespread famine, resistance from peasants, increased state control over agriculture.

Causes: To weaken enemy industry, disrupt supply lines, and demoralize the population. Effects: Widespread destruction of cities, civilian casualties, disruption of enemy war effort.

Mobilizing the entire nation under state control, dedicating all resources to the war effort.

Information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote a political cause or point of view.

Germany's swift, coordinated military tactic involving rapid advances by tanks and air power.

An economic system where the government controls all aspects of the economy.

A program where the US supplied war materials to Allied nations during WWII.

A political ideology based on nationalism, anti-Semitism, and belief in Aryan superiority.

A system where society is organized into corporations under state control.

Consolidation of small farms into large, collective farms under state control (Soviet Union).

A US military strategy in the Pacific, selectively attacking and capturing key islands to advance towards Japan.

It was the security, intelligence, and police force of the Nazi party in Germany, responsible for implementing Nazi policies, including the Holocaust.