All Flashcards
What were the causes and effects of technological innovations?
Causes: Need for increased production efficiency. Effects: Booming industries, increased production, and new job opportunities.
What were the causes and effects of the Enclosure Acts?
Causes: Desire for more efficient land use. Effects: Displacement of rural populations and migration to cities.
What were the causes and effects of urbanization?
Causes: Factory jobs and economic opportunities in cities. Effects: Overcrowding, poor living conditions, and new social structures.
What were the causes and effects of the factory system?
Causes: Technological advancements and the need for centralized production. Effects: Increased production, specialization of labor, and altered social structures.
What were the causes and effects of colonialism?
Causes: Desire for raw materials and new markets. Effects: Economic growth for industrialized nations and exploitation of colonial resources and labor.
What were the causes and effects of new energy sources?
Causes: Need for more efficient power sources. Effects: Increased production, lower costs, and the ability to power factories and machines.
What were the causes and effects of improved agricultural activity?
Causes: Desire for increased food production. Effects: Supported growing populations and provided labor for factories.
What were the causes and effects of capitalism?
Causes: Belief in free markets and private property. Effects: Fueled industrial growth, encouraged investment, and created new wealth.
What were the causes and effects of specialization of labor?
Causes: Desire for increased production efficiency. Effects: Increased output, loss of broad skills for workers, and dependence on the factory system.
What were the causes and effects of the assembly line?
Causes: Desire for maximized production efficiency. Effects: Mass production, lower costs, and repetitive tasks for workers.
Define Industrial Revolution.
A period of major technological, transportation, and manufacturing advancements (c. 1750-1900) that shifted production from homes to factories.
What is a steam engine?
A machine that uses steam power to perform mechanical work, crucial for powering factories and machines during the Industrial Revolution.
What is a cotton gin?
A machine that separates cotton fibers from seeds, revolutionizing textile production.
What is a power loom?
A mechanized loom powered by steam or water, greatly increasing the speed and efficiency of weaving cloth.
Define crop rotation.
The practice of planting different crops sequentially on the same plot of land to improve soil health and increase agricultural output.
What is a seed drill?
A device that sows seeds at equal distances and proper depth, boosting agricultural productivity.
What is the Enclosure Act?
A series of laws in England that consolidated land ownership, restricting common land use and pushing people towards cities.
Define urbanization.
The process of population shift from rural areas to urban centers, driven by the concentration of factories and jobs in cities.
What is specialization of labor?
The division of work into specific tasks, where workers focus on a single part of the production process, increasing efficiency.
What is an assembly line?
A manufacturing process where parts are added sequentially to create a finished product, maximizing production efficiency.
What was the contribution of entrepreneurs?
Entrepreneurs invested in new technologies and factories, driving industrial growth and creating new businesses.