A euphemism for slavery used by some whites who felt uneasy about the practice.

A system where slaves worked in large groups under an overseer from sun-up to sun-down, common in the Cotton Belt.

A system where slaves had more autonomy, completing specific tasks within a set timeframe, common in rice cultivation areas.

The act of an owner freeing their slave.

A network of secret routes and safe houses used by enslaved African Americans to escape to freedom in the North and Canada.

Laws enacted in the Southern states of America which regulated the system of slavery and the enslaved population.

The trade of slaves within the borders of the United States, particularly from the Upper South to the Deep South.

A social and political movement dedicated to ending slavery.

Nonviolent methods of resistance used by enslaved people, such as slowing down work, feigning illness, or sabotage.

The first black-run Protestant church, formed in response to discrimination in the Methodist Episcopal Church.

A former slave who bought his freedom and planned a major revolt in Charleston, SC, in 1822.

An enslaved Baptist preacher who led a slave rebellion in 1831, killing 55 white people.

A key 'conductor' on the Underground Railroad, helping over 300 slaves escape to freedom.

Wrote Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World, a radical abolitionist text calling for resistance.

Gang System: slaves worked in groups under constant supervision. Task System: slaves had more autonomy, completing specific tasks within a set timeframe.

Violent resistance: revolts like Nat Turner's. Passive resistance: slowdowns, sabotage, and other nonviolent methods. Passive resistance was more common due to the low odds of successful violent revolt.

Slaves in the Upper South were more likely to be sold to the Deep South due to the Internal Slave Trade. Conditions in the Deep South, particularly on cotton plantations, were often harsher.

Slaves lacked freedom and were subject to brutal treatment, while free African Americans in the North faced discrimination and segregation, but possessed basic rights like freedom of movement.

Vesey Conspiracy was a planned revolt that was discovered before execution, while Nat Turner's Rebellion was an actual revolt that resulted in the deaths of white people. Both led to increased fear and repression.

Religious justifications used biblical arguments to support slavery, while moral opposition viewed slavery as a violation of human rights and morally wrong.

The Underground Railroad helped individual slaves escape to freedom, while slave revolts aimed to overthrow the entire system of slavery. Both challenged the institution of slavery in different ways.

Urban slaves often enjoyed more autonomy, sometimes living apart from masters and hiring themselves out, while slaves on large plantations typically worked in gangs under constant supervision.

Skilled craftsmen sometimes had more autonomy and better living conditions compared to field slaves, but all slaves suffered from the deprivation of their freedom.

Slaveholders viewed slavery as essential for economic stability and justified it through religious and economic arguments, while abolitionists viewed it as morally wrong and a violation of human rights.