All Flashcards
Define 'tariff'.
Taxes on imported goods, used to generate revenue and protect domestic industries.
What is 'impressment'?
The act of forcibly enlisting people into military service, often used by the British against American sailors.
Define 'neutrality'.
A policy of not supporting or helping either side in a conflict or disagreement.
What is 'nullification'?
The idea that a state can declare a federal law unconstitutional and refuse to enforce it.
Define 'sedition'.
Conduct or speech inciting people to rebel against the authority of a state or monarch.
What is the 'cabinet'?
A body of advisors to the president, composed of the heads of the executive departments of the government.
Define 'assumption of debt'.
The federal government taking on the debts of the states.
What are 'states' rights'?
The rights and powers held by individual US states rather than by the federal government.
What is a 'political party'?
A group of people who come together to contest elections and hold power in the government.
Define 'funding at full face value'.
Paying back debts at their original value, regardless of market fluctuations.
Compare Federalists and Democratic-Republicans.
Federalists: Strong central government, supported Hamilton's plan. Democratic-Republicans: Limited government, supported states' rights.
Compare the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions.
Both argued against the Alien and Sedition Acts, but Kentucky suggested nullification while Virginia emphasized interposition.
Compare Hamilton's and Jefferson's views on government.
Hamilton favored a strong federal government and industrial economy, while Jefferson favored states' rights and an agrarian society.
Compare the Whiskey Rebellion and Shays' Rebellion.
Both were uprisings against government authority, but the Whiskey Rebellion demonstrated the strength of the new federal government, while Shays' Rebellion highlighted the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.
Compare Jay's Treaty and Pinckney's Treaty.
Jay's Treaty addressed issues with Britain but was controversial, while Pinckney's Treaty secured navigation rights on the Mississippi River with Spain and was widely supported.
Compare the Alien Act and the Sedition Act.
The Alien Act targeted immigrants by slowing naturalization, while the Sedition Act targeted domestic critics by restricting free speech and press.
Compare Washington's approach to foreign policy with Adams'.
Washington focused on neutrality and avoiding entanglements, while Adams navigated the Quasi-War with France while trying to avoid a full-scale conflict.
Compare the Federalists' and Democratic-Republicans' views on the French Revolution.
Federalists opposed the French Revolution due to its radicalism and violence, while Democratic-Republicans initially supported it as a fight for liberty.
Compare the economic visions of Hamilton and Jefferson.
Hamilton envisioned a diversified economy with manufacturing and commerce, while Jefferson favored an agrarian economy based on independent farmers.
Compare the views of Federalists and Democratic-Republicans on the power of the federal government.
Federalists believed in a strong, centralized federal government, while Democratic-Republicans favored limiting federal power and emphasizing states' rights.
Who was George Washington?
The first US President, who established many precedents and kept the US neutral.
Who was Alexander Hamilton?
The first Secretary of the Treasury, who created a financial plan to stabilize the US economy.
Who was Thomas Jefferson?
The first Secretary of State, third US President, and leader of the Democratic-Republicans.
Who was James Madison?
Drafted the Bill of Rights and co-authored the Virginia Resolutions.
Who was John Adams?
The second US President, who navigated the Quasi-War with France.
Who was John Jay?
Negotiated Jay's Treaty with Britain.
What was Washington's contribution?
Established the cabinet, maintained neutrality, and suppressed the Whiskey Rebellion, setting precedents for the presidency.
What was Hamilton's contribution?
Stabilized the US economy through his financial plan, including the assumption of state debts and the creation of a national bank.
What was Jefferson's contribution?
Advocated for states' rights and individual liberties, opposing Federalist policies.
What was Adams' contribution?
Avoided a full-scale war with France during the Quasi-War, despite domestic political challenges.