All Flashcards
Define 'maize cultivation'.
The growing of maize (corn) as a primary food source, leading to settled agriculture and social changes.
What does 'nomadic' mean in the context of Native American societies?
A lifestyle characterized by moving from place to place, usually in search of food or resources.
Define 'cliff dwellings'.
Structures built into the sides of cliffs, used for housing and defense, particularly by the Pueblo people.
What is a 'totem pole'?
A carved wooden pole featuring symbols of animals and other figures, used by tribes of the Northwest Coast to represent lineage and status.
Define 'irrigation'.
The artificial application of water to land to assist in the production of crops.
What is meant by 'adaptation' in the context of pre-Columbian societies?
The process by which Native American tribes adjusted their lifestyles and practices to suit their environments.
Define 'hunter-gatherer'.
A lifestyle where people obtain food by hunting wild animals and gathering wild plants.
What is a 'teepee'?
A cone-shaped tent traditionally made of animal skins and wooden poles, used by nomadic tribes of the Great Plains.
What does 'sedentary' mean?
Characterized by or requiring a continued sitting position; doing or requiring much sitting.
What is 'social diversification'?
The process by which a society develops a wider range of social roles, economic activities, and cultural expressions.
Who were the Pueblo people?
Native American tribes of the Southwest known for their cliff dwellings and advanced irrigation systems.
Who were the Sioux?
A nomadic tribe of the Great Plains, known for hunting bison and living in teepees.
Who were the Chinook?
A tribe of the Northwest Coast, known for their ocean-based communities and hunting of whales and salmon.
Who were the Apache?
A Native American tribe of the Southwest, known for their adaptation to the arid environment and maize cultivation.
Who were the Navajo?
A Native American tribe of the Southwest, known for their adaptation to the arid environment and maize cultivation.
Who were the Tlingit?
A tribe of the Northwest Coast, known for their ocean-based communities and hunting of whales and salmon.
Who were the Coos?
A tribe of the Northwest Coast, known for their ocean-based communities and hunting of whales and salmon.
Who were the Chumash?
A tribe of the Northwest Coast, known for their ocean-based communities and hunting of whales and salmon.
Who were the Shoshone?
A tribe of the Great Basin, known for their adaptation to the arid environment and hunting of rabbits, snakes, birds, nuts, and insects.
Who were the Cheyenne?
A nomadic tribe of the Great Plains, known for hunting bison and living in teepees.
Compare the housing of the Pueblo and Great Plains tribes.
Pueblo: cliff dwellings; Great Plains: teepees. Reflecting different environments and lifestyles.
Compare the food sources of the Northwest Coast and Great Plains tribes.
Northwest Coast: whales and salmon; Great Plains: bison. Reflecting different environments.
Compare the lifestyles of the Southwest and Great Basin tribes.
Southwest: settled agriculture; Great Basin: nomadic hunting and gathering. Reflecting different resource availability.
Compare the climate of the Arctic & Subarctic and the Southwest.
Arctic & Subarctic: Very cold, icy climate; Southwest: Arid, desert climate.
Compare the food source of the Northeast and the Southeast.
Northeast: Deer; corn, beans, squash, tobacco. Southeast: Tobacco, squash, melons, cabbage, peas, and corn.
Compare the clothing of the Great Basin and the Great Plains.
Great Basin: Women wore strips of bark, sandals, and fur. Great Plains: Bison fur.
Compare the present day location of the Arctic & Subarctic and the Southwest.
Arctic & Subarctic: Canada and Greenland. Southwest: Mexico, Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, and Colorado.
Compare the present day location of the Plateau and the Northeast.
Plateau: Oregon, California, Idaho, and Canada. Northeast: Stretched from New England to the Gulf of Mexico.
Compare the present day location of the Northwest Coast & CA and the Southeast.
Northwest Coast & CA: Canada, California, Washington, and Oregon. Southeast: Texas to West Virginia, down to Florida.
Compare the present day location of the Great Basin and the Great Plains.
Great Basin: Nevada, California, Arizona, Utah, Idaho, Oregon. Great Plains: Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains, from Canada to Texas.