Foundations of American Democracy

A requirement ordered by the federal government that states must meet.

An executive order issued by the President of United States

A policy guideline set forth by a state's governor

The legal framework determining candidacy eligibility in presidential elections

The Emancipation Proclamation

The Monroe Doctrine

The Bill of Rights

The Commerce Clause of the Constitution

The Fugitive Slave Act

The Civil Rights Act of 1964

The Stamp Act

The New Deal legislation under Franklin D Roosevelt

Joint funding of a program by state and federal governments to support underperforming schools.

The federal government imposing national educational standards without providing funds for implementation.

A state unilaterally establishing its own standardized testing system independent of federal guidelines.

Local governments adopting curricular changes that conflict with both state and federal educational policies.

To divide power between the executive, legislative, and judicial branches

To elect the President and Vice President of the United States

To regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states

To protect individual liberties and rights

A drastic decrease in local governments' power happened nationwide.

Power became strictly centralized within one governing body - either state or national exclusively, not both anymore.

Increased intermingling of governmental responsibilities between different levels of government occurred.

State governments’ power expanded dramatically at the expense of local governments.

To promote regional diversity in decision-making

To protect individual rights and liberties

To ensure that power does not become concentrated

To limit the power of state governments

State Governments

President

Congress

Supreme Court

Marbury v. Madison

McCulloch v. Maryland

United States v. Lopez

Gibbons v. Ogden

City governments

The federal government

County governments

State governments