All Flashcards
What was the significance of Brown v. Board of Education (1954)?
Ruled that 'separate but equal' is unconstitutional, overturning Plessy v. Ferguson and desegregating schools.
What was the significance of Loving v. Virginia (1967)?
Struck down laws banning interracial marriage, affirming equality and personal freedom.
What was the significance of United States v. Korematsu (1944)?
Upheld the internment of Japanese Americans during WWII, a reminder of civil liberty violations in times of crisis.
What was the significance of Reitman v. Mulkey (1967)?
Ruled that California could not repeal fair housing laws, preventing state policies that promote inequality.
What was the significance of Grutter v. Bollinger (2003)?
Upheld the use of affirmative action in college admissions with limits, allowing narrowly tailored programs without quotas.
What was the significance of Shaw v. Reno (1993)?
Ruled that districts cannot be drawn solely to create majority-minority districts, checking state power to manipulate districts.
What was the significance of Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)?
Established the 'separate but equal' doctrine, legalizing segregation for almost 60 years before being overturned.
What was the significance of R. v. Big M Drug Mart Ltd. (1985)?
The Supreme Court of Canada ruled that a law requiring businesses to close on Sundays was unconstitutional because it violated religious freedom.
What are the differences between Plessy v. Ferguson and Brown v. Board of Education?
Plessy: Upheld segregation, 'separate but equal' | Brown: Overturned Plessy, segregation is unconstitutional
What was the purpose of affirmative action policies?
To increase representation of underrepresented groups in education and employment.