All Flashcards
Differences between civil liberties and civil rights?
Liberties: protections from government. Rights: protections against discrimination.
Compare Establishment Clause and Free Exercise Clause.
Establishment: no government-sponsored religion. Free Exercise: right to practice religion.
Significance of Tinker v. Des Moines?
Protects symbolic speech in schools if no substantial disruption.
Significance of Schenck v. US?
Speech limited if it poses a 'clear and present danger'.
Significance of Engel v. Vitale?
School-sponsored prayer is unconstitutional, violates Establishment Clause.
Significance of Wisconsin v. Yoder?
Free Exercise Clause protects religious practices if no compelling government interest.
Significance of New York Times v. US?
Ruled against prior restraint; press can publish unless direct threat.
Significance of McDonald v. Chicago?
Incorporated the Second Amendment to states, limiting gun restrictions.
Significance of Gideon v. Wainwright?
Guarantees right to an attorney in all criminal cases, incorporated.
Significance of Brown v. Board of Education?
Overturned 'separate but equal'; segregated schools unconstitutional.
Significance of Miranda v. Arizona?
Informed of rights before questioning (remain silent, attorney).
Significance of Mapp v. Ohio?
Established the Exclusionary Rule; illegally obtained evidence inadmissible.
Impact of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?
Prohibited discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or origin.
Impact of the Voting Rights Act of 1965?
Removed discriminatory voting practices.
Impact of Title IX of the Education Amendments Act of 1972?
Prohibits sex-based discrimination in federally funded education programs.