All Flashcards
What is the role of Executive Agencies?
Part of the executive branch, headed by an appointee of the president.
What is the role of Independent Agencies?
Operate outside of departments, with specific missions (e.g., Federal Reserve, EPA).
What is the role of Regulatory Agencies?
Enforce rules in specific industries (e.g., SEC, FCC).
What is the role of Government Corporations?
Government-owned businesses that provide services (e.g., USPS).
What is the role of Departments?
The largest agencies, each responsible for a broad policy area (e.g., Defense, Education).
What is the role of the Cabinet?
Made up of 15 department heads (Secretaries, except for the Attorney General); appointed by the President, approved by the Senate.
What is the role of the Office of Personnel Management (OPM)?
The government's HR department; administers the Civil Service Exam and hires based on merit.
What is the role of the Merit Systems Protection Board?
Investigates corruption and protects whistleblowers within the bureaucracy.
What was the impact of the Pendleton Act (1883)?
Established the merit system, moving away from the spoils system; jobs based on merit, not political favors.
What was the impact of the Hatch Act (1939)?
Limits political activities of federal employees while on the job.
What was the impact of the Whistleblower Protection Act of 1989?
Protects employees who report government waste or corruption.
What are the differences between the Spoils System and the Merit System?
Spoils System: Jobs given to friends/supporters, based on patronage | Merit System: Hiring based on qualifications and performance.
What are the differences between Iron Triangles and Issue Networks?
Iron Triangles: Close relationship between congressional committees, bureaucratic agencies, and interest groups | Issue Networks: Broad range of people and organizations interested in a specific policy issue.