Sampling Distributions
In hypothesis testing using z-scores where sigma is known and when increasing alpha from .01 to .05 while keeping everything else constant, how does this change affect our decision rule regarding whether or not we reject H0?
Keep rejection rate same since test statistic unaffected by alpha
Less frequent rejections as need stronger evidence against H0
Reject H0 more frequently due incorrect Type I errors increase
Can't determine without knowing specifics about alternative hypothesis
What does a large sample size allow us to do?
Estimate the population parameter.
Reduce the accuracy of the estimates.
Introduce bias from the analysis.
Increase the spread of sampling distribution.
What happens to standard error as you increase your sample size?
It doubles in value.
It increases exponentially.
It decreases.
There is no change to standard error.
What is the purpose of using a sample in statistics?
To provide results with absolute certainty.
To estimate characteristics of a population.
To test hypotheses with no uncertainty.
To eliminate the need for data collection.
If a population has a mean μ and standard deviation σ, what will be true for a sampling distribution of with a sufficiently large sample size?
There is not enough information to determine the mean.
The mean will be greater than μ.
The mean will be μ.
The mean will be less than μ.
The Central Limit Theorem is applicable to both _ and _ data.
Continuous; binary.
Continuous; discrete.
Quantitative; ordinal.
Quantitative; categorical.
When comparing standard deviations of two different means calculated from samples of sizes and where , in which scenario will these standard deviations be equal given both samples are from the same population?
When both samples have identical variances.
This scenario cannot occur since sample size affects standard deviation.
When there is no skewness or outliers present in either sample.
When both samples are drawn randomly and independently.

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When conducting a significance test from a skewed distribution with , how does increasing variability affect Type II error rates if all other factors remain constant?
Type II error rates increase.
Type II error rates are unaffected by variability in skewed distributions.
Type II error rates remain constant.
Type II error rates decrease.
Where is the Central Limit Theorem generally tested on the AP Statistics exam?
On multiple-choice questions dealing with quantitative data.
On multiple-choice questions dealing with categorical data.
On free response questions dealing with quantitative data.
On free response questions dealing with categorical data.
How can researchers reduce variability within their samples when performing stratified sampling?
By randomly assigning treatments to each group
By increasing the size of their simple random samples
By grouping similar subjects together before randomly selecting from these groups
By selecting only specific subpopulations