All Flashcards
When is inductive reasoning most appropriate?
When exploring new phenomena or generating hypotheses based on observations.
When is deductive reasoning most appropriate?
When testing existing theories or applying general principles to specific cases.
Define 'line of reasoning'.
The path an argument takes to reach its conclusion, a series of claims supported by evidence.
What is a 'claim' in argumentation?
A statement that asserts something to be true, which requires evidence to support it.
Define 'evidence' in the context of an argument.
Factual information used to support a claim and strengthen the line of reasoning.
What is 'inductive reasoning'?
A bottom-up approach; starting with specific observations and moving towards a general conclusion.
What is 'deductive reasoning'?
A top-down approach; starting with broad facts/generalizations and drawing specific conclusions.
Define 'logical alignment'.
The natural flow from evidence and claims to a conclusion, where the conclusion logically follows.
What are 'rhetorical strategies'?
Techniques writers use to persuade their audience; can include word choice, appeals, and fallacies.
What is a 'fallacy' in argumentation?
A flaw in reasoning that weakens an argument, such as a slippery slope or ad hominem.
What does it mean for an argument to acknowledge 'complexity'?
To consider context, limitations, implications, and opposing viewpoints related to the argument.
Define 'validity' in the context of an argument.
The degree to which an argument's logic is sound and its conclusion is well-supported by evidence.
When is inductive reasoning most appropriate?
When exploring a new topic or generating hypotheses based on observations.
When is deductive reasoning most appropriate?
When testing existing theories or applying general principles to specific cases.