All Flashcards
Define primary source.
Direct evidence from the time period or event being studied; firsthand accounts.
Define secondary source.
Analysis or interpretation of primary sources; created after the event.
What is a bibliography?
A list of sources used in a research project, often leading to more relevant sources.
Define Boolean operators.
Terms like AND, OR, and NOT used to refine searches in databases.
What does 'AND' do in Boolean searches?
Narrows the search by requiring both terms to be present.
What does 'OR' do in Boolean searches?
Broadens the search by including results that contain either term.
What does 'NOT' do in Boolean searches?
Excludes results containing a specific term.
What is a hypothesis?
A testable prediction or statement about the relationship between variables.
Define peer-reviewed study.
A study that has been evaluated by experts in the field before publication.
What is ethical approval in research?
Permission from an ethics committee to conduct research involving human or animal subjects, ensuring safety and rights.
When should you use MLA citation style?
For historical research.
When should you use APA citation style?
For scientific research.
Why is it important to cite sources properly?
To avoid plagiarism and give credit to the original authors.
What is the purpose of ethical approval?
To ensure research is conducted safely and ethically, protecting participants' rights.
What are the key elements of informed consent?
Voluntary participation, understanding the risks and benefits, and the right to withdraw.
Why is confidentiality important in research?
To protect the privacy of participants and maintain the integrity of the data.
What resources can help ensure accurate citations?
Purdue OWL is a reliable tool for checking citation formats.
What are some common ethical pitfalls to avoid?
Failing to obtain informed consent, not ensuring confidentiality, and conducting research without ethical approval.
What steps can be taken to avoid plagiarism?
Properly citing all sources, paraphrasing carefully, and using quotation marks when necessary.
What is the role of an Institutional Review Board (IRB)?
To review and approve research proposals involving human subjects to ensure ethical standards are met.
Define primary source.
Direct evidence from the time period or event being studied; firsthand accounts.
Define secondary source.
Analysis or interpretation of primary sources, created after the event.
What is a Boolean operator?
A term used to refine searches on databases (AND, OR, NOT).
Define peer-reviewed study.
A study evaluated by experts in the field before publication, ensuring quality and validity.
What is a hypothesis?
A testable statement about the relationship between two or more variables.
What is a control group?
A group in an experiment that does not receive the treatment, used for comparison.
What is a treatment group?
A group in an experiment that receives the treatment being tested.
What is data?
Factual information (measurements or observations) used as a basis for reasoning, discussion, or calculation.
What is a literature review?
A comprehensive summary of previous research on a topic.
What is ethical approval in research?
Permission from an ethics committee to conduct research, ensuring participant safety and rights.