All Flashcards
What is Social Loafing?
The tendency to exert less effort when working in a group than individually.
What is Social Facilitation?
Improved performance on easy tasks in the presence of others.
What is Social Inhibition?
Worsened performance on difficult tasks in the presence of others.
What is Group Polarization?
The tendency for group views to become more extreme over time.
What is Ingroup Bias?
The tendency to favor our own group over others.
What is Deindividuation?
Loss of self-awareness and self-restraint in group situations.
What is the Bystander Effect?
The decreased likelihood of helping if others are present.
What is the Reciprocity Norm?
The expectation that if we help someone, they'll help us in return.
What are Social Traps?
Situations where individuals harm society for their own interests.
What are Mirror-Image Perceptions?
Seeing the other side in a conflict as evil and ourselves as good.
What are Superordinate Goals?
Shared goals that require cooperation and help resolve conflict.
What are the effects of social loafing?
Reduced overall group productivity and individual accountability.
What is the effect of deindividuation on behavior?
Less inhibited behavior, potentially leading to antisocial actions.
What are the effects of the bystander effect?
Delayed or absent help in emergency situations.
What are the effects of ingroup bias?
Prejudice, discrimination, and conflict between groups.
What can cause the bystander effect?
Diffusion of responsibility and assuming someone else will help.
What can cause deindividuation?
Anonymity, lack of accountability, and arousal.
Give an example of social loafing in a school setting.
Students exerting less effort on a group project than when working alone.
How can social facilitation affect athletes?
An athlete performing better in a game with a crowd cheering them on.
How does group polarization manifest in online forums?
Political discussions becoming increasingly extreme and polarized.
How does ingroup bias play out in sports?
Cheering harder for your own team and seeing them as better than others.
Give an example of deindividuation online.
Internet trolling or cyberbullying due to anonymity.
How does the bystander effect explain inaction in emergencies?
People assume someone else will help, so they don't intervene.
How can the reciprocity norm encourage charitable giving?
People donate expecting that others will do the same for them or others in need.
How can superordinate goals be used to improve relations between conflicting groups?
Conflicting groups work towards a common goal, building new, inclusive groups.