All Flashcards
What is Social Loafing?
The tendency to exert less effort when working in a group than individually.
What is Social Facilitation?
Improved performance on easy tasks in the presence of others.
What is Social Inhibition?
Worsened performance on difficult tasks in the presence of others.
What is Group Polarization?
The tendency for group views to become more extreme over time.
What is Ingroup Bias?
The tendency to favor our own group over others.
What is Deindividuation?
Loss of self-awareness and self-restraint in group situations.
What is the Bystander Effect?
The decreased likelihood of helping if others are present.
What is the Reciprocity Norm?
The expectation that if we help someone, they'll help us in return.
What are Social Traps?
Situations where individuals harm society for their own interests.
What are Mirror-Image Perceptions?
Seeing the other side in a conflict as evil and ourselves as good.
What are Superordinate Goals?
Shared goals that require cooperation and help resolve conflict.
Compare Social Loafing and Deindividuation.
Social loafing is reduced effort in a group, while deindividuation is loss of self-awareness.
Compare Social Facilitation and Social Inhibition.
Social facilitation improves performance on easy tasks; social inhibition worsens performance on hard tasks, both in the presence of others.
Explain the concept of crowding effect.
Group opinions tend to get louder and more extreme when people are together.
Explain social exchange theory.
We weigh the costs and benefits of our actions when deciding to help.
What is the Prisoner's Dilemma?
A classic example of a social trap where cooperation leads to a better outcome, but individuals often act in self-interest.
How does the fundamental attribution error relate to mirror-image perceptions?
We attribute the other side's behavior to their disposition while excusing our own.