All Flashcards
Compare Central Route to Persuasion and Peripheral Route to Persuasion.
Central route uses facts and logic, requiring careful thought. Peripheral route uses superficial cues, requiring less thought.
Compare Prejudice and Discrimination.
Prejudice is a negative attitude; discrimination is negative behavior based on that attitude.
Compare Conformity and Obedience.
Conformity is adjusting behavior to fit in with a group. Obedience is following orders from an authority figure.
Compare Social Facilitation and Social Inhibition.
Social facilitation is improved performance on simple tasks in the presence of others. Social inhibition is worsened performance on complex tasks in the presence of others.
Compare In-group Bias and Out-group Homogeneity Bias.
In-group bias favors our own group, while out-group homogeneity bias perceives out-group members as more similar than in-group members.
Compare Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism.
Ethnocentrism is viewing one's own culture as superior, while cultural relativism is understanding cultures on their own terms.
Compare Altruism and Reciprocity Norms.
Altruism is unselfish concern for others; reciprocity norms involve helping those who have helped us.
Compare Stereotypes and Prejudice.
Stereotypes are generalized beliefs about a group; prejudice is a negative attitude toward a group.
Compare Deindividuation and Diffusion of Responsibility.
Deindividuation is the loss of self-awareness in a group; diffusion of responsibility is feeling less accountable in a group.
Compare the Stanford Prison Experiment and Milgram's Obedience Study.
Zimbardo focused on role-playing and situational factors, while Milgram focused on obedience to authority.
What is the definition of Fundamental Attribution Error?
Overestimating dispositional factors and underestimating situational factors when explaining others' behavior.
What is the definition of Self-Serving Bias?
Attributing our successes to internal factors and our failures to external factors.
What is the definition of False Consensus Effect?
Overestimating how much others agree with our beliefs and behaviors.
What is the definition of Confirmation Bias?
Searching for and interpreting information that confirms our existing beliefs.
What is the definition of Just-World Hypothesis?
The belief that people get what they deserve, leading to victim-blaming.
What is the definition of Halo Effect?
Forming a positive impression of someone in one area, and then assuming they are good in other areas.
What is the definition of Cognitive Dissonance?
The discomfort felt when our thoughts and actions clash.
What is the definition of Groupthink?
A phenomenon where a group prioritizes harmony over critical thinking, leading to poor decisions.
What is the definition of Conformity?
Changing behavior to fit in with a group.
What is the definition of Obedience to Authority?
Following orders from an authority figure.
What is the definition of Bystander Effect?
The tendency for people to be less likely to help someone in need when others are present.
What is the definition of Deindividuation?
Loss of self-awareness and restraint when in a group, leading to impulsive behavior.
What is the definition of Prejudice?
A negative attitude toward a group and its members.
What is the definition of Discrimination?
Negative behavior toward a group and its members.
What are the causes and effects of Deindividuation?
Causes: Group membership, anonymity. Effects: Loss of self-awareness, impulsive behavior.
What are the causes and effects of Groupthink?
Causes: Desire for harmony, suppression of dissent. Effects: Poor decisions, lack of critical thinking.
What are the causes and effects of the Bystander Effect?
Causes: Diffusion of responsibility, ambiguity. Effects: Reduced likelihood of helping in an emergency.
What are the causes and effects of Cognitive Dissonance?
Causes: Inconsistent beliefs and actions. Effects: Discomfort, attitude change, behavior change.
What are the causes and effects of Stereotypes?
Causes: Social learning, categorization. Effects: Prejudice, discrimination.
What are the causes and effects of the Fundamental Attribution Error?
Causes: Cognitive biases, lack of information. Effects: Misjudging others, blaming individuals for situational factors.
What are the causes and effects of Social Facilitation?
Causes: Presence of others, increased arousal. Effects: Improved performance on simple tasks, worsened performance on complex tasks.
What are the causes and effects of Group Polarization?
Causes: Informational influence, normative influence. Effects: More extreme group views, increased intergroup conflict.
What are the causes and effects of Prejudice?
Causes: Stereotypes, in-group/out-group bias, scapegoating. Effects: Discrimination, social inequality.
What are the causes and effects of Obedience to Authority?
Causes: Legitimate authority, fear of punishment. Effects: Compliance with orders, potential harm to others.