All Flashcards
What does it mean that ASD is a spectrum disorder?
The severity and presentation of ASD vary widely from person to person; no two individuals are exactly alike.
What are the key areas impacted by intellectual disabilities?
Conceptual, social, and practical skills are the three key areas impacted.
What is the progressive nature of Alzheimer's disease?
It's a gradual deterioration of cognitive abilities, not just forgetting things.
What is a psychotic episode?
A period during which a person experiences a loss of contact with reality, often characterized by delusions and hallucinations.
What is the difference between acute and chronic schizophrenia?
Acute schizophrenia develops rapidly and is characterized by positive symptoms, while chronic schizophrenia develops slowly and is characterized by negative symptoms.
What is flat affect?
Reduced emotional expression, a negative symptom of schizophrenia.
What is avolition?
Lack of motivation or goal-directed behavior, a negative symptom of schizophrenia.
What is alogia?
Reduced speech output, a negative symptom of schizophrenia.
What is catatonia?
Periods of immobility or agitation, a negative symptom of schizophrenia.
What role does dopamine imbalance play in schizophrenia?
High dopamine levels or too many receptors can intensify symptoms of schizophrenia.
What is the effect of high dopamine levels in the brain?
Can intensify symptoms of schizophrenia, leading to delusions and hallucinations.
What is the effect of enlarged ventricles in the brain?
Associated with schizophrenia and cognitive deficits.
What is the effect of genetic predisposition on schizophrenia?
Increases the risk of developing schizophrenia, especially when combined with environmental stressors.
What is the effect of brain trauma on cognitive function?
Can lead to neurocognitive disorders, including memory loss and impaired thinking.
What is the effect of reduced frontal lobe activity?
Can lead to negative symptoms of schizophrenia, such as flat affect and avolition.
What is the effect of difficulties in interpreting social cues?
Can lead to social isolation and difficulty forming relationships in individuals with ASD.
What is the effect of impulsivity in ADHD?
Can lead to difficulties in school, work, and social situations.
What is the effect of progressive memory loss in Alzheimer's?
Leads to a decline in cognitive abilities, difficulty with daily tasks, and eventually loss of independence.
What is the effect of repetitive behaviors in ASD?
Can provide comfort and reduce anxiety, but can also interfere with social interactions and learning.
What is the effect of stress during fetal development?
Can increase the risk of developing schizophrenia in genetically predisposed individuals.
What is Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?
A neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by differences in social interaction, communication, and behavior.
What is Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)?
A neurodevelopmental disorder involving challenges with attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
What is Intellectual Disability?
Significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior.
What is a Neurocognitive Disorder?
A decline in cognitive function due to a somatogenic cause (physical or biological factor).
What is Alzheimer's Disease?
The most common neurocognitive disorder, characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive decline.
What is Schizophrenia?
A severe psychiatric disorder that impacts an individual’s perception of reality.
What are positive symptoms in schizophrenia?
Symptoms added to a person's personality, such as delusions and hallucinations.
What are negative symptoms in schizophrenia?
Symptoms that remove from a person's personality, such as flat affect and avolition.
What is a delusion?
A false belief, which can be grandiose, persecutory, or somatic.
What is a hallucination?
A false sensory experience, often auditory (hearing voices).