All Flashcards
What is the main idea of Harlow's research?
Attachment is primarily driven by contact comfort, not just nourishment.
What is the 'strange situation' experiment?
A standardized procedure to assess infant attachment by observing responses to separation and reunion with a caregiver.
What is 'secure attachment'?
Infants explore confidently with the caregiver present, show distress upon separation, and seek comfort upon reunion.
What is 'insecure attachment'?
Attachment patterns marked by anxiety, avoidance, or ambivalence in relationships.
Explain Erikson's psychosocial stages.
Development occurs in sequential stages, each presenting a unique crisis that must be resolved for healthy development.
What is authoritative parenting?
A parenting style characterized by clear expectations, open communication, and warmth.
What is authoritarian parenting?
A parenting style characterized by high demands, strict rules, and low responsiveness.
What is permissive parenting?
A parenting style characterized by few demands, high responsiveness, and indulgent behavior.
What is social learning theory?
Learning occurs through observation, imitation, and modeling, especially from significant others.
What is Freud's psychosexual theory?
Personality develops through a series of psychosexual stages, each focusing on a different erogenous zone; unresolved conflicts can lead to fixations.
How does authoritative parenting impact child development?
Associated with higher self-esteem, self-reliance, and academic achievement in children.
How can social learning theory explain the transmission of aggression?
Children who observe aggressive behavior are more likely to imitate it, demonstrating the power of modeling.
How might early insecure attachment manifest in adult relationships?
Difficulty forming trusting relationships, fear of intimacy, or anxious attachment patterns.
How is 'mere exposure' applied in marketing?
Repeatedly showing a product to consumers increases familiarity and liking, influencing purchasing decisions.
How can understanding temperament help parents?
Tailoring parenting strategies to a child's temperament can improve parent-child interactions and reduce behavioral problems.
How can knowledge of attachment theory help therapists?
Understanding attachment styles can inform therapeutic approaches to address relationship issues and emotional regulation.
How can the principles of social learning be used to promote positive behaviors?
By providing positive role models and reinforcing prosocial behaviors, individuals can learn and adopt desirable traits.
How can the 'strange situation' be used today?
It is still used today to assess attachment styles in children in order to provide interventions if necessary.
How can daycares apply the principles of attachment?
Daycares can apply the principles of attachment by providing a safe and secure environment with responsive caregivers to promote secure attachment.
How can understanding parenting styles help teachers?
Understanding parenting styles can help teachers understand how students may act in the classroom and how to best interact with parents.
What are the effects of social isolation in early development?
Severe developmental issues, such as catatonia and inability to form relationships.
What is the effect of contact comfort on infant monkeys?
Preference for the cloth mother, demonstrating the importance of emotional bonding over nourishment.
What is the effect of unresponsive parenting on attachment?
Can lead to insecure attachment styles, affecting future relationships.
What are the effects of authoritarian parenting?
Linked to lower academic performance and self-esteem in children.
What are the effects of permissive parenting?
Can lead to impulsivity, egocentrism, and relationship problems.
What is the impact of observing aggressive behavior?
Increased likelihood of imitating aggressive behavior, as demonstrated in Bandura's Bobo doll experiment.
What is the effect of secure attachment on future relationships?
Greater capacity for intimacy, trust, and healthy relationships.
What is the effect of early secure social bonds?
Crucial for healthy development.
What is the effect of lack of affection?
Difficulties in forming relationships later in life.
What is the effect of fixations in Freud's psychosexual stages?
Developmental issues.