All Flashcards
Compare CT and MRI scans.
CT uses X-rays for structural images; MRI uses magnetic fields for more detailed soft tissue images.
Compare PET and fMRI scans.
PET uses radioactive glucose to track activity; fMRI measures blood flow for more precise functional imaging.
Compare EEG and fMRI.
EEG measures electrical activity with electrodes, good for sleep studies; fMRI measures blood flow for detailed functional images.
Compare lesioning and brain stimulation.
Lesioning destroys brain tissue to observe effects; brain stimulation activates regions to observe responses.
Compare case studies and experimental studies.
Case studies are in-depth analyses of individuals; experimental studies involve manipulating variables to find cause-and-effect relationships.
Compare the information provided by CT and MRI scans.
CT scans provide two-dimensional images of the brain using X-rays, while MRI scans provide more detailed images of the brain's soft tissues using magnetic fields and radio waves.
Compare the spatial resolution of PET and fMRI scans.
fMRI scans have higher spatial resolution than PET scans, allowing for more precise localization of brain activity.
Compare the invasiveness of PET and fMRI scans.
PET scans are more invasive than fMRI scans because they involve exposure to radiation.
Compare the temporal resolution of EEG and fMRI scans.
EEG scans have higher temporal resolution than fMRI scans, allowing for the detection of rapid changes in brain activity.
Compare the use of CT scans and MRI scans in diagnosing stroke.
CT scans are typically used to quickly rule out bleeding in the brain after a stroke, while MRI scans can provide more detailed information about the extent of brain damage.
What is a case study?
An in-depth investigation of a single individual or small group, often used for rare phenomena.
What is lesioning?
The intentional destruction of specific brain tissue to observe behavioral changes.
What is brain stimulation?
Using electrical or chemical means to activate specific brain areas to observe responses.
What is EEG?
Electroencephalogram; uses electrodes to measure electrical activity in the brain.
What is a PET scan?
Positron Emission Tomography; uses radioactive glucose to track brain activity.
What is a CT scan?
Computed Tomography; uses X-rays to create a detailed image of the brain's structure.
What is an MRI?
Magnetic Resonance Imaging; uses magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed images of the brain's soft tissues.
What is fMRI?
Functional MRI; combines MRI's structural detail with PET's functional tracking, measuring blood flow changes.
What is hemispheric specialization?
The concept that each hemisphere of the brain has specialized functions.
What are split-brain patients?
Individuals whose corpus callosum has been severed, often to treat severe epilepsy.
What is the effect of damage to the frontal lobe?
Can lead to changes in personality, behavior, and decision-making abilities.
What is the effect of severing the corpus callosum?
Prevents communication between the two hemispheres, leading to independent functioning of each side of the brain.
What is the effect of stimulating the motor cortex?
Can cause a person to move a limb or other body part.
What is the effect of increased glucose uptake in a PET scan?
Indicates higher neuronal activity in that brain region.
What is the effect of a tumor on a CT scan?
The tumor appears as an abnormal mass or density within the brain structure.
What is the effect of changes in blood flow on an fMRI?
Indicates the brain areas that are active during a specific task or cognitive process.
What is the effect of sleep deprivation on EEG readings?
Can show slower brain wave activity and increased theta waves.
What is the effect of a stroke on brain function?
Can cause loss of function in areas controlled by the damaged brain region, such as speech or motor skills.
What is the effect of anxiety on brain activity?
Can lead to increased activity in the amygdala and prefrontal cortex, as shown by fMRI.
What is the effect of meditation on brain activity?
Can lead to increased alpha and theta wave activity, as shown by EEG.