All Flashcards
How does classical conditioning apply to phobias?
Phobias can develop from traumatic experiences through classical conditioning (e.g., fear of dogs after being bitten).
How does operant conditioning apply to self-harm?
Self-harm behaviors can be reinforced by attention or relief from emotional pain.
How can cultural biases affect disorder diagnosis?
Biases (racism, sexism, ageism) can lead to misdiagnosis or underdiagnosis in certain populations.
Give an example of the application of the biopsychosocial model.
Understanding depression involves considering genetic predispositions, negative thought patterns, and social isolation.
How is the cognitive perspective applied to treating anxiety?
Identifying and challenging maladaptive thought patterns that contribute to anxiety.
How might the humanistic perspective be applied in therapy?
Providing unconditional positive regard and support to help individuals fulfill their potential.
How can the sociocultural perspective explain eating disorders?
Societal pressures and cultural ideals of thinness can contribute to the development of eating disorders.
How can the diathesis-stress model explain PTSD?
Individuals with a genetic predisposition to anxiety may develop PTSD after experiencing a severe trauma.
How might the evolutionary perspective explain anxiety disorders?
Anxiety may have been adaptive in ancestral environments but is now maladaptive in modern contexts.
How is the biological perspective applied in treating depression?
Using medications to correct imbalances in neurotransmitters like serotonin.
What is the Eclectic Approach in diagnosis?
Using multiple perspectives to understand and treat a client's unique needs.
What is the main idea of the Behavioral Perspective on disorders?
Disorders arise from maladaptive learned associations.
What is the main idea of the Psychodynamic Perspective on disorders?
Emphasizes unconscious thoughts, feelings, and childhood experiences as root causes of disorders.
What is the main idea of the Humanistic Perspective on disorders?
Disorders arise when individuals lack social support and cannot fulfill their potential for growth.
What is the main idea of the Cognitive Perspective on disorders?
Focuses on maladaptive thoughts, beliefs, and attitudes as key contributors to disorders.
What is the Evolutionary Perspective on disorders?
Suggests some disorders may have evolved as adaptations but are now maladaptive in modern contexts.
What is the Sociocultural Perspective on disorders?
Emphasizes the influence of social, cultural, and environmental factors on mental health issues.
What is the Biological Perspective on disorders?
Attributes disorders to physiological or genetic factors.
What is the Diathesis-Stress Model?
Disorders emerge when a genetic vulnerability (diathesis) meets significant life stressors (stress).
What are the key factors for disorder identification?
Dysfunction, distress, and deviance.
What is the effect of stigma on individuals with mental disorders?
Stigma can lead to discrimination, social exclusion, and reduced access to treatment.
How can unresolved childhood conflicts affect mental health?
Unresolved conflicts and repressed emotions can contribute to the development of psychological disorders.
What is the effect of negative self-talk on mental health?
Negative self-talk can contribute to feelings of depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem.
What is the effect of social support on mental health?
Lack of social support can contribute to the development of psychological disorders.
What is the effect of neurotransmitter imbalances on mental health?
Imbalances in neurotransmitters can contribute to the development of disorders like depression and anxiety.
What is the effect of cultural norms on the expression of distress?
Cultural norms can influence how individuals express distress, leading to variations in symptom presentation.
What is the effect of genetic vulnerability on the development of disorders?
Genetic vulnerability increases the likelihood of developing a disorder when combined with environmental stressors.
What is the impact of societal pressure on mental health?
Societal pressures, such as unrealistic beauty standards, can contribute to mental health issues like eating disorders.
What is the effect of traumatic experiences on mental health?
Traumatic experiences can lead to the development of disorders like PTSD and depression.
What is the effect of maladaptive relationships on mental health?
Maladaptive relationships can contribute to mental health issues like anxiety and depression.