All Flashcards
What is Encoding Failure?
Failure to store information in long-term memory.
What is Proactive Interference?
Old memories block the ability to remember new information.
What is Retroactive Interference?
New memories block the ability to remember old information.
What is the Misinformation Effect?
Incorporating misleading information into one's memory of an event.
What is Source Amnesia?
Forgetting where you learned something.
What is Constructive Memory?
Memories change over time, and we fill in gaps with imagined details, leading to inaccuracies.
What is Repression?
Pushing upsetting memories out of conscious awareness.
What is the Forgetting Curve?
Shows how the ability to recall information decreases over time.
What is the Tip-of-the-Tongue Phenomenon?
Knowing the information but not being able to recall it.
Compare Proactive and Retroactive Interference.
Proactive: old info blocks new; Retroactive: new info blocks old.
How does time affect memory recall?
Time leads to forgetting, as shown by the forgetting curve, where recall decreases rapidly at first, then slows.
What is the effect of Proactive Interference on learning?
Old memories block the encoding or retrieval of new memories, hindering learning.
What is the effect of Retroactive Interference on recalling past events?
New memories interfere with the retrieval of old memories, making it difficult to recall past events accurately.
What is the effect of Repression on traumatic memories?
Repression can cause traumatic memories to be pushed out of conscious awareness, though this is controversial.
How can leading questions affect memory?
Leading questions can introduce misinformation, altering memories and leading to the misinformation effect.