All Flashcards
What is the effect of frequent activation of neural pathways?
Strengthens synaptic connections through Long-Term Potentiation (LTP).
What is the effect of deeper processing on memory?
Leads to stronger and longer-lasting memories.
What is the effect of damage to the central executive?
Impaired control of attention and coordination of working memory components.
What is the effect of limited attention on encoding?
Results in shallow processing and weaker memory formation.
What is the effect of rehearsal on short-term memory?
Maintains information in short-term memory, but doesn't necessarily transfer it to long-term memory.
What is the effect of elaborative rehearsal on long-term memory?
Enhances long-term memory by creating meaningful connections and deeper processing.
What is the effect of distraction on working memory?
Reduces the capacity to hold and manipulate information, impairing cognitive performance.
What is the effect of sleep on memory consolidation?
Sleep facilitates the transfer of information from short-term to long-term memory, improving memory retention.
What is the effect of stress on memory retrieval?
High levels of stress can impair memory retrieval, making it difficult to access stored information.
What is the effect of aging on working memory?
Working memory capacity tends to decline with age, affecting cognitive abilities.
What is the key idea behind Long-Term Potentiation (LTP)?
Repeated use of a neural pathway makes it stronger, facilitating information retrieval.
What is the Working Memory Model?
A model explaining how your brain actively holds and manipulates information.
What is the Multi-Store Model of Memory?
Memory moves through sensory, short-term, and long-term systems.
What is the Levels of Processing Model?
How deeply you process information affects how well you remember it.
Explain the difference between explicit and implicit memory.
Explicit memory is conscious and declarative, while implicit memory is unconscious and non-declarative.
How does elaborative rehearsal enhance memory?
By connecting new information to existing knowledge, leading to deeper semantic processing.
What is the role of the central executive in working memory?
It controls attention and coordinates the phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, and episodic buffer.
What is the capacity and duration of short-term memory?
Limited capacity (7 +/- 2 items) and short duration (about 20 seconds).
What is the main difference between working memory and short-term memory?
Working memory is an active system for processing information, while short-term memory is just a temporary storage.
What is the effect of semantic processing on memory?
Leads to stronger and longer-lasting memories due to deeper encoding of meaning.
What is the role of the episodic buffer in working memory?
It integrates information from the phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, and long-term memory into a single, unified representation.
Give an example of episodic memory in everyday life.
Remembering details of your last vacation.
Give an example of semantic memory in everyday life.
Knowing the capital of your country.
Give an example of procedural memory in everyday life.
Riding a bike.
Give an example of prospective memory in everyday life.
Remembering to take medication.
How is the phonological loop used when learning a new language?
Repeating new words and phrases to memorize their sounds.
How is the visuospatial sketchpad used when giving directions?
Creating a mental map to guide someone.
How can elaborative rehearsal be used when studying for an exam?
Relating the material to your own life experiences or other concepts you already know.
How does long-term potentiation contribute to learning a new skill?
By strengthening the neural pathways associated with the skill through repeated practice.
How is working memory used when solving a math problem?
Holding the numbers and operations in mind while performing calculations.
How does semantic processing aid in remembering someone's name?
By associating the name with something meaningful or memorable.