All Flashcards
What are the effects of disrupting the SCN?
Disrupting the SCN can lead to irregular sleep-wake cycles, hormonal imbalances, and impaired cognitive function.
What are the causes and effects of sleep apnea?
Causes: Obesity, genetics. Effects: Fragmented sleep, low oxygen levels, increased risk of heart problems.
What are the causes and effects of insomnia?
Causes: Stress, anxiety, poor sleep habits. Effects: Difficulty falling/staying asleep, daytime fatigue, impaired cognitive function.
What are the causes and effects of narcolepsy?
Causes: Autoimmune destruction of hypocretin-producing cells. Effects: Excessive daytime sleepiness, sudden sleep attacks, cataplexy.
What are the causes and effects of REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD)?
Causes: Neurological disorders, medication side effects. Effects: Loss of muscle atonia during REM, acting out dreams, potential injury.
What are the causes and effects of somnambulism (sleepwalking)?
Causes: Genetics, sleep deprivation, fever. Effects: Performing complex actions during sleep, lack of awareness, potential for injury.
Compare the Activation-Synthesis Theory and the Consolidation Theory of dreams.
Activation-Synthesis: Dreams are random neural firings. Consolidation: Dreams help process memories.
Compare NREM sleep and REM sleep.
NREM: Stages 1-3, decreasing brain activity. REM: Brain activity similar to wakefulness, rapid eye movements, muscle atonia.
Compare insomnia and narcolepsy.
Insomnia: Difficulty falling/staying asleep. Narcolepsy: Excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden sleep attacks.
Compare sleep apnea and somnambulism.
Sleep apnea: Breathing stops and starts during sleep. Somnambulism: Performing complex actions during deep sleep.
Compare Stage 2 and Stage 3 NREM sleep.
Stage 2: Sleep spindles and K-complexes. Stage 3: Delta waves, deep sleep.
What is consciousness?
Awareness of your thoughts, feelings, actions, and surroundings.
Define circadian rhythm.
A roughly 24-hour cycle in the physiological processes of living beings.
What is the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)?
The brain structure in the hypothalamus that controls the circadian rhythm.
What is an EEG?
Electroencephalography; a test that measures brain activity.
Define NREM sleep.
Non-Rapid Eye Movement sleep; encompasses sleep stages 1-3.
What are sleep spindles?
Bursts of brain activity seen on an EEG during Stage 2 sleep.
What are K-complexes?
Large, sudden brain waves seen on an EEG during Stage 2 sleep.
Define delta waves.
High-amplitude, low-frequency brain waves characteristic of Stage 3 NREM sleep.
What is REM sleep?
Rapid Eye Movement sleep; a stage of sleep characterized by brain activity similar to wakefulness and rapid eye movements.
Define muscle atonia.
Muscle paralysis experienced during REM sleep.
What is REM rebound?
The increase in REM sleep after being deprived of it.
Define insomnia.
Difficulty falling or staying asleep.
What is narcolepsy?
Excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden sleep attacks.
Define sleep apnea.
A sleep disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts.