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  1. AP Pre Calculus
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How do you convert an angle from degrees to radians?

Multiply the angle in degrees by π/180.

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How do you convert an angle from degrees to radians?

Multiply the angle in degrees by π/180.

How do you find a coterminal angle?

Add or subtract multiples of 360° (or 2π radians) to the given angle.

Given sin(θ) and the quadrant, how do you find cos(θ)?

Use the Pythagorean identity sin²(θ) + cos²(θ) = 1 to find the absolute value of cos(θ), then determine the sign based on the quadrant.

Given cos(θ) and the quadrant, how do you find sin(θ)?

Use the Pythagorean identity sin²(θ) + cos²(θ) = 1 to find the absolute value of sin(θ), then determine the sign based on the quadrant.

How to find tan(θ) if you know sin(θ) and cos(θ)?

Divide sin(θ) by cos(θ): tan(θ) = sin(θ) / cos(θ).

How do you determine the period of y = sin(bx) or y = cos(bx)?

Period = 2π / |b|.

How do you determine the period of y = tan(bx)?

Period = π / |b|.

How do you solve for x in sin(x) = a, where -1 <= a <= 1?

Find the principal value using arcsin(a), then use the properties of sine to find other solutions in the desired interval.

How do you solve for x in cos(x) = a, where -1 <= a <= 1?

Find the principal value using arccos(a), then use the properties of cosine to find other solutions in the desired interval.

How do you solve for x in tan(x) = a?

Find the principal value using arctan(a), then add multiples of π to find other solutions in the desired interval.

Define 'standard position' of an angle.

Vertex at the origin, initial ray along the positive x-axis.

What are coterminal angles?

Angles sharing the same terminal ray, differing by multiples of 360° (or 2π radians).

Define a radian.

Angle measure based on the arc length subtended on a circle; ratio of arc length to radius.

Define sine (sin θ).

Ratio of the y-coordinate of a point on the unit circle to the radius: sin(θ) = y/r.

Define cosine (cos θ).

Ratio of the x-coordinate of a point on the unit circle to the radius: cos(θ) = x/r.

Define tangent (tan θ).

Slope of the terminal ray; ratio of the y-coordinate to the x-coordinate: tan(θ) = y/x.

Alternative definition of tangent (tan θ).

tan(θ) = sin(θ) / cos(θ)

What is the range of sine?

[-1, 1]

What is the range of cosine?

[-1, 1]

What is the range of tangent?

All real numbers.

What is the formula for sine?

sin⁡(θ)=yr\sin(\theta) = \frac{y}{r}sin(θ)=ry​

What is the formula for cosine?

cos⁡(θ)=xr\cos(\theta) = \frac{x}{r}cos(θ)=rx​

What is the formula for tangent?

tan⁡(θ)=yx\tan(\theta) = \frac{y}{x}tan(θ)=xy​

Alternative formula for tangent?

tan⁡(θ)=sin⁡(θ)cos⁡(θ)\tan(\theta) = \frac{\sin(\theta)}{\cos(\theta)}tan(θ)=cos(θ)sin(θ)​

How to convert degrees to radians?

radians=degrees×π180\text{radians} = \text{degrees} \times \frac{\pi}{180}radians=degrees×180π​

How to convert radians to degrees?

degrees=radians×180π\text{degrees} = \text{radians} \times \frac{180}{\pi}degrees=radians×π180​

What is the double angle formula for sine?

sin⁡(2x)=2sin⁡(x)cos⁡(x)\sin(2x) = 2\sin(x)\cos(x)sin(2x)=2sin(x)cos(x)

What is the Pythagorean identity?

sin⁡2(θ)+cos⁡2(θ)=1\sin^2(\theta) + \cos^2(\theta) = 1sin2(θ)+cos2(θ)=1

What is the period of sine and cosine?

2π2\pi2π

What is the period of tangent?

π\piπ