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Label the mass-spring system diagram.

1: Mass (m), 2: Spring (k), 3: Equilibrium position.

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Label the mass-spring system diagram.

1: Mass (m), 2: Spring (k), 3: Equilibrium position.

Label the simple pendulum diagram.

1: Length (L), 2: Mass (m), 3: Angle of displacement ( $\theta$ ).

What is Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM)?

Periodic motion where the restoring force is proportional to the displacement from equilibrium.

Define 'restoring force' in SHM.

The force that always directs toward the equilibrium position and is proportional to the displacement ( $F = -kx$ ).

What is 'amplitude' (A) in the context of SHM?

The maximum displacement of the object from its equilibrium position.

Define 'angular frequency' ( $\omega$ ) in SHM.

A measure of how rapidly the oscillations occur, related to the period (T) by $\omega = \frac{2\pi}{T}$ .

What is the 'period' (T) of SHM?

The time it takes for one complete cycle of the motion.

Define 'phase angle' ( $\phi$ ) in SHM.

It represents the initial position of the oscillating object at time t=0.

Compare and contrast the period of a mass-spring system and a simple pendulum.

Mass-Spring: $T = 2\pi \sqrt{\frac{m}{k}}$ (depends on mass and spring constant). Pendulum: $T = 2\pi \sqrt{\frac{L}{g}}$ (depends on length and gravity).

Compare kinetic and potential energy in SHM.

Kinetic: Max at equilibrium, zero at max displacement. Potential: Zero at equilibrium, max at max displacement. Total energy is conserved.