All Flashcards
How do you calculate total resistance in series?
Sum the individual resistances:
How do you calculate total resistance in parallel?
Use the reciprocal formula:
How do you find the terminal voltage of a real battery?
Use the equation: , where ε is the EMF, I is the current, and r is the internal resistance.
What is the difference between series and parallel circuits?
Series: Components connected end-to-end, single path for current. Parallel: Components connected side-by-side, multiple paths for current.
What is the difference between an ideal and a real battery?
Ideal: No internal resistance. Real: Has internal resistance that affects terminal voltage.
What is the difference between resistance and resistivity?
Resistance (R) depends on the object's dimensions. Resistivity (ρ) is a material property.
What is the difference between Voltmeter and Ammeter?
Voltmeter: Measures voltage, connected in parallel with high internal resistance. Ammeter: Measures current, connected in series with low internal resistance.
What happens to the total resistance when resistors are added in series?
The total resistance increases.
What happens to the total resistance when resistors are added in parallel?
The total resistance decreases.
What happens to the terminal voltage of a real battery when current is drawn?
The terminal voltage decreases due to the voltage drop across the internal resistance.
What happens to resistivity as temperature increases?
Resistivity generally increases with temperature.