Kinetic Energy: Energy of motion. | Potential Energy: Stored energy due to position or condition.

Conservative Forces: Energy is converted between KE and PE without loss. | Non-conservative Forces: Energy is dissipated as thermal energy (e.g., friction).

Constant Total Energy: No energy enters or leaves the system; all conversions are internal. | Energy Transfer: Energy enters or leaves the system, changing the total energy.

Positive Work: Increases the total energy of the system. | Negative Work: Decreases the total energy of the system.

Frictionless System: Mechanical energy is conserved. | System with Friction: Mechanical energy is converted to thermal energy.

In a closed system, the total energy remains constant. Energy can transform from one form to another, but it cannot be created or destroyed.

Energy of motion. Mathematically represented as $K = \frac{1}{2}mv^2$.

Stored energy due to position or configuration. Examples include gravitational potential energy ($U_g = mgh$) and spring potential energy ($U_s = \frac{1}{2}kx^2$).

Forces for which the work done depends on the path taken. Examples include friction and air resistance.

Forces for which the work done is independent of the path taken. It only depends on the initial and final positions. Examples include gravity and spring force.

The sum of kinetic energy (K) and potential energy (U): $ME = K + U$

Energy of motion, $KE = \frac{1}{2}mv^2$

Energy due to an object's height, $PE_g = mgh$

Energy stored in a spring, $PE_e = \frac{1}{2}kx^2$

The sum of kinetic and potential energies: $ME = KE + PE$

A force where energy can be converted between KE and PE without loss (e.g., gravity, spring force).

The transfer of energy to or from a system.