All Flashcards
Define stepwise motion.
Movement between two adjacent notes in a musical scale.
What is a leading-tone seventh chord?
A seventh chord built on the leading tone of a scale (ⅶ°7 or ⅶø7).
Define tonic prolongation.
The extension of the tonic chord's presence through other chords while maintaining a sense of tonic.
What is a cadence?
A harmonic or melodic configuration that creates a sense of resolution or closure.
Define authentic cadence.
A cadence consisting of a V-I (or V7-I) progression, providing a strong sense of resolution.
Define half cadence.
A cadence that ends on the V chord, creating a pause or incomplete feeling.
Define deceptive cadence.
A cadence that progresses from V to vi (or another unexpected chord), creating a sense of surprise.
Define plagal cadence.
A cadence that progresses from IV to I, often described as a gentle or 'amen' cadence.
Define voice crossing.
When two voices exchange their positions on the staff, violating the proper SATB order.
Define parallel fifths.
The movement of two voices from one perfect fifth to another perfect fifth.
Define parallel octaves.
The movement of two voices from one perfect octave to another perfect octave.
What is the general rule for voice leading with seventh chords?
Aim for stepwise motion when entering and exiting these chords.
What should you avoid in parallel voices?
Parallel fifths and octaves.
What is the standard resolution of a leading tone?
Resolve up by step.
How should chordal sevenths typically be approached?
By common tone or step.
How should chordal sevenths typically be resolved?
Down by step.
What is a crucial consideration regarding chord tones in inverted seventh chords?
Never omit any chord tones.
What is the typical doubling in 6/4 chords?
Always double the bass.
What should you do with common tones between chords?
Keep common tones in the same voice when possible.
What intervallic distance should upper voices be kept within?
Less than an octave apart.
What is the standard doubling for root position triads?
Double the root.
What is the function of a vii°7 chord?
Dominant substitute or tonic prolongation.
What is the function of a viiø7 chord?
Dominant substitute or tonic prolongation.
What is the typical resolution of the 7th in a V7 chord?
Down by step.
In what position is vii°7 typically used in a vii°7-I cadence?
Root position.