Mercantilism: wealth tied to gold/silver, government control. Capitalism: private ownership, free markets.

Imperialism: extending power/influence. Colonialism: establishing settlements and occupying land.

Rigid: caste system, social status fixed. Fluid: social status can change.

Subsistence: growing enough for family. Commercial: growing for profit.

Shift from handmade goods to machine-made products, starting in the late 18th century.

Super-efficient way to make things where each worker has a specific job.

Parts that can be replaced without replacing the whole product.

Transformation from agricultural to industrial society using machines to produce goods.

How a society is divided into layers based on wealth, power, and prestige.

The increase in the number of people in a population.

A production process where tasks are completed in a specific order to build a product.

Economic theory that wealth is tied to gold and silver, promoting exports and limiting imports.

Extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.

A country seeking to extend its authority over other territories, often by establishing settlements and occupying the land.

Specific tasks completed in order, each worker responsible for one task, leading to increased speed and efficiency.

Accumulate gold and silver, promote exports, limit imports, colonies provide raw materials.

Acquire colonies, establish protectorates, use military force, extend influence.

Extend authority, establish settlements, occupy land, control people and resources.