All Flashcards
What is Language Divergence?
When a language splits into two.
What is Language Convergence?
When two languages merge into one.
Explain the Anatolian Dispersion Theory.
Language spread with agriculture.
Explain the Kurgan Hypothesis.
Language spread through conquest.
Explain hierarchical diffusion.
Spreads from those in power to the general population.
What is Fundamentalism?
Strict interpretation of religious principles.
What is Secularism?
Rejection of religious beliefs.
What is Zionism?
Movement for Jewish return to homeland.
What is a Charter Group?
Ethnic group that establishes a cultural society in an area.
What are Ethnic Enclaves?
Small areas in cities where minority groups reside.
What are Ghettos?
Areas of involuntary persecution or voluntary isolation.
Compare Universalizing and Ethnic Religions.
Universalizing seeks converts, ethnic tied to a specific group.
Compare Race and Ethnicity.
Race is based on perceived biological traits, ethnicity is about shared cultural identity.
Compare Sunni and Shiite branches of Islam.
Originated from a disagreement about the leadership after Muhammad's death.
What are the Five Pillars of Islam?
Faith, Prayer, Charity, Fasting, Pilgrimage.