All Flashcards
What is Socialism?
Arose from Industrial Revolution inequalities; advocates for collective ownership and fair wealth distribution.
What is the Bolshevik Party?
Led by Lenin, a Marxist revolutionary; supported by Germany to destabilize Russia during WWI.
What is the Provisional Government?
Established by the Duma after the February Revolution, intended to govern Russia temporarily.
What is the Red Army?
The Bolshevik army during the Russian Civil War.
What is the White Army?
A coalition of monarchists, liberals, and other anti-Bolshevik factions during the Russian Civil War, supported by foreign powers.
What is the New Economic Policy (NEP)?
Introduced by Lenin to improve economic performance; combined some free-market principles with communist ideology.
What is meant by 'dictatorship of the proletariat'?
A Marxist concept referring to a state where the working class holds political power.
Define Autocratic Rule.
A system of government where one person possesses unlimited power.
What is meant by 'War Weariness'?
A feeling of fatigue, disillusionment, and discontent caused by prolonged involvement in war.
What is meant by 'Marxist-Leninist theory'?
A political ideology combining Marxist principles with Lenin's adaptations, emphasizing a vanguard party and the dictatorship of the proletariat.
What was the February Revolution (1917)?
Mass protests and strikes forced Tsar Nicholas II to abdicate; Duma established the Provisional Government.
What was the October Revolution (1917)?
Led by Lenin, the Bolsheviks overthrew the Provisional Government, establishing a dictatorship of the proletariat.
What was the Russian Civil War (1917-1923)?
Conflict between the Red Army (Bolsheviks) and the White Army (Monarchists and liberals); Red Army victory led to the establishment of the Soviet Union.
What was the significance of the execution of Tsar Nicholas II and his family?
Marked the end of the Romanov dynasty and symbolized the radical nature of the Bolshevik revolution.
What was the impact of World War I on Russia?
Drained resources, fueled discontent, and exacerbated existing social and economic problems, contributing to the revolution.
What was the purpose of the New Economic Policy (NEP)?
Introduced by Lenin to improve economic performance by combining some free-market principles with communist ideology.
What events led to the Tsar's abdication?
Food shortages, inflation, war weariness, government corruption, and protests in Petrograd.
What was the outcome of the Bolshevik takeover?
The Bolsheviks overthrew the Provisional Government and established a dictatorship of the proletariat based on Marxist-Leninist theory.
What role did foreign powers play in the Russian Civil War?
Foreign powers supported the White Army in an attempt to defeat the Bolsheviks.
What was the human cost of the Russian Civil War?
Millions of casualties, mostly civilians, due to fighting, famine, and disease.
What were the causes and effects of Industrialization in Russia?
Causes: Desire to modernize, Effects: Uneven development, widespread unemployment, large working class.
What were the causes and effects of the February Revolution?
Causes: Food shortages, war weariness, Tsar's incompetence. Effects: Abdication of Tsar, establishment of Provisional Government.
What were the causes and effects of the October Revolution?
Causes: Bolsheviks' desire for power, weakness of Provisional Government. Effects: Bolshevik takeover, establishment of communist state.
What were the causes and effects of the Russian Civil War?
Causes: Opposition to Bolshevik rule, desire to restore monarchy. Effects: Red Army victory, establishment of Soviet Union, millions of casualties.
What were the causes and effects of World War I on Russia?
Causes: Russia's alliance obligations, imperial ambitions. Effects: Drained resources, fueled discontent, contributed to revolution.
What were the causes and effects of the NEP?
Causes: Economic devastation after the Civil War, need to revitalize the economy. Effects: Some economic recovery, temporary retreat from strict communism.
What were the causes of political stagnation in Russia?
Autocratic rule of the Tsar and lack of political reform and representation.
What were the effects of the Bolshevik takeover?
Establishment of a dictatorship of the proletariat based on Marxist-Leninist theory.
What were the causes of food shortages during the February Revolution?
Inefficient agricultural practices, disruption of supply chains due to WWI, and government mismanagement.
What were the effects of the Red Army's victory in the Civil War?
Consolidation of Bolshevik power, establishment of the Soviet Union, and suppression of political opposition.