All Flashcards
What is Nationalism?
Feeling of belonging to a nation; based on shared culture, politics, or perceived race. Can unite or divide.
What is Zionism?
Movement advocating for a Jewish homeland in response to anti-Semitism.
What is Social Darwinism?
Misapplication of Darwin's ideas to justify racism and imperialism.
What is Positivism?
Belief that science is the only source of true knowledge.
What is Realism (in art)?
Artistic movement focused on depicting life as it truly is, often showing gritty, everyday scenes.
What is New Imperialism?
The period after 1830 when European powers aggressively pursued colonial expansion.
What was the Congress System?
A system aimed at maintaining international stability after the Napoleonic Wars.
What is a nation?
A community of people often imagined because most members will never meet.
What is the Dual Monarchy?
The compromise of 1867 creating Austria-Hungary in an attempt to maintain stability.
What are markets?
Places for industrialized countries to sell their goods.
Who was Camilo di Cavour?
Key figure in the unification of Italy, using nationalism to achieve political goals.
Who was Otto von Bismarck?
Key figure in the unification of Germany, using nationalism to achieve political goals.
Who was Napoleon III?
Conservative leader who co-opted nationalism to strengthen his state.
Who was Charles Darwin?
Scientist whose theory of evolution was later twisted into Social Darwinism.
Who was Albert Einstein?
Challenged Newtonian physics and the prevailing idea of positivism.
Who was Sigmund Freud?
Explored the irrational side of human nature, challenging positivism.
Who was Jean-François Millet?
Realist artist known for depicting everyday scenes, such as in The Gleaners.
Who was Henri Rousseau?
Post-Impressionist artist who focused on individual expression.
What was the significance of Greek Independence?
Example of cultural and racial nationalism leading to breakaway from empires.
What happened in the unifications of Italy and Germany?
Nationalism was used to unify these countries, shifting the balance of power.
What was the result of the creation of the Dual Monarchy in 1867?
A desperate attempt by Austria-Hungary to maintain stability amidst rising nationalism.
What was the effect of the Second Industrial Revolution on Imperialism?
It provided the technology (military, medical, communication) for empire-building.
What was the result of Imperialism?
It created tensions in Europe and resistance from colonized people, contributing to WWI.
What was the impact of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution?
It shook up society and was later twisted into Social Darwinism to justify racism.
What was a result of the rise of Realism in art?
It aimed to show life as it really was, focusing on mundane and everyday scenes.
What was the result of New Imperialism?
European powers engaged in a global land grab, driven by economic, ideological, and strategic motivations.
What was the impact of the weakening Ottoman Empire?
It upset the balance of power in Europe, contributing to the conditions that led to World War I.
What was the impact of Albert Einstein challenging Newton's physics?
It challenged the prevailing positivist view that science held all the answers.