Limited the king's power, asserting Parliament's rights regarding taxation, imprisonment, and quartering of troops.

It sparked a rebellion in Scotland, further escalating tensions with the English monarchy.

Marked the end of the monarchy in England and the beginning of the Commonwealth.

A series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists.

The English Civil War was caused by disputes between Charles I and Parliament.

The English Civil War resulted in the execution of Charles I, the exile of Charles II, and the replacement of the English monarchy with the Commonwealth of England.

Charles I dissolved it quickly after it refused to grant him funds, highlighting the growing tension between the crown and Parliament.

It enacted significant reforms limiting royal power and played a crucial role in the events leading to the Civil War.

The Commonwealth was the political structure during the period from 1649 to 1660 when England and Wales, later along with Ireland and Scotland, were governed as a republic after the end of the Second English Civil War and the trial and execution of Charles I.

The Protectorate was the period during the Commonwealth when England and Wales, Ireland, and Scotland were governed by a Lord Protector. It began in 1653, when Oliver Cromwell first assumed the position, and ended in 1659, six months after his death.

King of England, Scotland, and Ireland who believed in the Divine Right of Kings and favored Catholicism.

King of England who married a Catholic princess, levied taxes without Parliament's approval, and was eventually executed.

The military leader of the Roundheads who led the New Model Army to victory and became Lord Protector of England.

Uniting England, Scotland, and Ireland under one crown and advocating for the Divine Right of Kings.

His conflicts with Parliament over taxation and religion, leading to the English Civil War and his execution.

Leading the Parliamentarian forces to victory in the English Civil War and establishing the Protectorate.

James I tended to favor Catholicism, which angered many Calvinists and the Anglican Church.

Charles I married a Catholic princess, further fueling religious tensions.

Oliver Cromwell was a Puritan and suppressed Catholicism during his rule.

James I believed in the Divine Right of Kings, which often put him at odds with Parliament.

A political system where the monarch holds absolute power, unchecked by other institutions.

The belief that a monarch's authority comes directly from God, not from the people.

A tax levied by Charles I without Parliament's approval, originally for coastal defense but extended to the entire country.

Supporters of King Charles I during the English Civil War, primarily nobles and Anglicans.

Supporters of Parliament during the English Civil War, mainly Puritans and the middle class.

The period after the execution of Charles I when England was declared a republic.

The period when Oliver Cromwell ruled England as Lord Protector, essentially a military dictator.

A document asserting Parliament's rights, limiting the king's power to tax, imprison, and quarter troops without consent.

The English Parliament that lasted from 1640 to 1660, known for its significant reforms.

The English Parliament that was convened by Charles I in 1640 but was quickly dissolved after it refused to grant him funds.