All Flashcards
Who was Charles I of England?
King of England whose clashes with Parliament over power-sharing led to the English Civil War and his execution.
Who was James II?
King of England overthrown in the Glorious Revolution due to conflicts with Parliament.
Who was Louis XIV?
An absolutist monarch of France who limited the political influence of nobles and built a strong state.
Who was Peter the Great?
An absolutist monarch of Russia who modernized the nation to increase warfare and power.
Who were Philip II, III, and IV of Spain?
Popular absolute monarchs of Spain.
Compare Absolutism and Constitutionalism.
Absolutism: Monarch holds all power. Constitutionalism: Monarch shares power with a parliament. Both shaped European state development but with different power structures.
Compare the English Civil War and the Glorious Revolution.
English Civil War: Violent conflict, led to the execution of Charles I. Glorious Revolution: Peaceful overthrow of James II, established constitutionalism.
Compare the putting-out system and the factory system.
Putting-out system: Home-based production. Factory system: Centralized production. The putting-out system preceded the factory system.
What is the definition of Sovereignty?
The political power to make and enforce rules without needing approval from a higher authority.
What is the definition of Constitutionalism?
A system where monarchs share power with a parliament, limiting their authority.
What is the definition of Absolutism?
A political system where the monarch holds all the power, limiting the influence of nobles and other institutions.
What is the definition of Balance of Power?
A principle in European relations where no single country should become too powerful, shaping diplomacy and conflict.
What is the definition of Enclosure Movement?
The consolidation of land ownership in Britain, turning open lands into private property, encouraging investment and new techniques.
What is the definition of Putting-out System?
A system where families produced goods like cloth at home as part of a larger market economy.
What is the definition of Cottage Industry?
Synonymous with the putting-out system, where families produce goods at home.
What is the definition of Mercantilism?
An economic policy to increase domestic production and keep profits from trade, often involving restrictions on imports and colonial production.
Define Agricultural Revolution.
Significant changes in agriculture, including new crops and consolidation of land, leading to increased food supply.
What does 'market economy' mean?
An economy where people produce goods for the market, not just for themselves, with investors organizing production.