All Flashcards
Compare the Catholic Reformation and the Protestant Reformation.
Catholic Reformation: Response to Protestantism, internal reforms. Protestant Reformation: Break from the Catholic Church, new Christian denominations.
Compare Baroque art and Renaissance art.
Baroque: Grandeur, drama, emotion. Renaissance: Balance, harmony, classical themes.
Compare the goals of the Council of Trent and the goals of Protestant reformers.
Council of Trent: Reform the Catholic Church from within. Protestant reformers: Establish new Christian denominations.
Compare the Jesuit approach to missionary work with other missionary approaches.
Jesuits: Intellectual rigor, education. Other approaches: Varying levels of cultural sensitivity and adaptation.
Compare the use of art in the Catholic Reformation with its use in the Protestant Reformation.
Catholic Reformation: Baroque art to inspire emotion and reinforce doctrine. Protestant Reformation: Simpler art, focus on scripture.
Compare the role of the Pope before and after the Catholic Reformation.
Before: Authority challenged by Protestantism. After: Authority reaffirmed, but with reforms.
Compare the education of priests before and after the Catholic Reformation.
Before: Often inadequate. After: Improved through the establishment of seminaries.
Compare the Catholic Church's view of salvation before and after the Catholic Reformation.
Before: Faith and good works. After: Reaffirmed faith and good works in response to Protestant emphasis on faith alone.
Compare the causes of the Protestant Reformation and the Catholic Reformation.
Protestant Reformation: Corruption and abuses within the Catholic Church. Catholic Reformation: Response to the challenges posed by the Protestant Reformation.
Compare the impact of the Printing Press on the Protestant Reformation and the Catholic Reformation.
Protestant Reformation: facilitated the rapid spread of Protestant ideas. Catholic Reformation: used to disseminate Catholic teachings and counter Protestant propaganda.
What is 'anathema'?
A formal ecclesiastical curse involving excommunication.
What was the Council of Trent?
An ecumenical council of the Catholic Church (1545-1563) addressing doctrine, discipline, and reform.
What is the Jesuit Order?
Also known as the Society of Jesus, founded by Ignatius of Loyola in 1540, known for education and missionary work.
What was the Index of Prohibited Books?
A list of books deemed heretical or dangerous for Catholics to read, first published in 1559.
Define 'ecclesiastical'.
Relating to the Christian Church or its clergy.
What is meant by 'doctrine'?
A belief or set of beliefs held and taught by a Church.
What is a 'seminary'?
A college for training priests or ministers.
Define 'heretical'.
Believing in or practicing religious heresy.
What is 'spiritual warfare'?
The concept of battling against evil spiritual forces.
What is 'Baroque' art?
A style of art characterized by grandeur, drama, and intense emotion.
Who was Ignatius of Loyola?
Founder of the Jesuit Order and author of 'Spiritual Exercises'.
Who was Teresa of Avila?
A reformer who focused on spiritual warfare and strict spiritual practices.
Who was Martin Luther?
A key figure in the Protestant Reformation whose actions spurred the Catholic Reformation.
Who was Pope Paul IV?
The Pope who first published the Index of Prohibited Books in 1559.
Who was Pope Leo X?
Pope who excommunicated Martin Luther in 1521.
Who was Francis Xavier?
Co-founded the Jesuit Order with Ignatius of Loyola in 1539.
What was Ignatius of Loyola known for?
Founding the Jesuit Order and writing 'Spiritual Exercises'.
What was Teresa of Avila known for?
Reforming the Carmelite Order.
What was Martin Luther known for?
Sparking the Protestant Reformation with his Ninety-Five Theses.
What was Pope Paul IV known for?
Publishing the first Index of Prohibited Books.