All Flashcards
What is the definition of Indulgences?
Certificates sold by the Church that were believed to reduce time in purgatory.
What is the definition of Sola Fide?
The belief that salvation is achieved through faith alone.
What is the definition of Sola Scriptura?
The belief that the Bible is the sole source of religious authority.
What is the definition of Predestination?
The belief that God has already decided who will be saved and who will not.
What is the definition of Diet?
An assembly or formal meeting.
What is the definition of the Protestant Work Ethic?
The belief that hard work and wealth are signs of God's favor, contributing to the rise of capitalism.
What is the definition of Priesthood of all believers?
The concept that all believers have direct access to God.
What is the definition of Transubstantiation?
The Catholic belief that the bread and wine literally become the body and blood of Christ.
What is the definition of Consubstantiation?
The Lutheran belief that Christ is present in the bread and wine during communion.
What are Anabaptists?
A radical group believing in adult baptism and separation of church and state.
Compare Luther and Calvin.
Both were Protestant reformers. Luther emphasized faith alone, while Calvin emphasized predestination.
Compare Catholic and Protestant beliefs about salvation.
Catholics believe in salvation through faith and good works, while Protestants believe in salvation through faith alone.
Compare Catholic and Protestant views on the Bible.
Catholics believe in the Bible and Church teachings, while Protestants believe the Bible is the sole source of authority.
Compare the Eucharist in Catholicism and Lutheranism.
Catholics believe in transubstantiation, while Lutherans believe in consubstantiation.
Compare Luther's and Zwingli's views on the Eucharist.
Luther believed in consubstantiation, while Zwingli viewed the bread and wine as symbolic.
Compare the role of clergy in Catholicism and Protestantism.
Catholicism has a hierarchical clergy, while Protestantism emphasizes the priesthood of all believers.
Compare the views of Luther and the Anabaptists on state authority.
Luther believed in obedience to secular authority, while Anabaptists advocated for separation of church and state.
Compare the impact of Luther and Calvin on European society.
Luther's ideas sparked the Reformation in Germany, while Calvin's teachings influenced the development of capitalism and spread to other parts of Europe.
Compare the Catholic Church's response to Luther and Calvin.
The Catholic Church condemned Luther as a heretic and launched the Counter-Reformation to combat Protestantism, while Calvin's teachings led to the establishment of Reformed churches.
Compare the beliefs of Luther and Calvin on free will.
Luther believed in free will, while Calvin believed in predestination, where God has already decided who will be saved and who will not.
What happened in 1517?
Martin Luther posted his 95 Theses on the Wittenberg Church door, challenging the sale of indulgences.
What happened at the Diet of Worms in 1521?
Martin Luther refused to recant his views.
What was the German Peasants' Revolt?
A revolt inspired by Luther's ideas, but he did not support their rebellion.
What was the significance of posting the 95 Theses?
It sparked the Protestant Reformation by challenging the sale of indulgences and papal authority.
What was the impact of the printing press during the Reformation?
It allowed for the rapid spread of Luther's ideas, increasing support for the Reformation.
What was the purpose of the Diet of Worms?
To give Martin Luther an opportunity to recant his writings and beliefs.
What was the result of the Diet of Worms?
Luther refused to recant, leading to his condemnation as a heretic.
What was the main issue addressed in Luther's 95 Theses?
The sale of indulgences and the corruption within the Catholic Church.
What was the significance of the German Peasants' Revolt?
It highlighted the social and economic tensions of the time and the impact of Reformation ideas on society.
What was the role of Ulrich Zwingli?
He was an influential Swiss reformer.