All Flashcards
What happened during the War of the Spanish Succession?
A European conflict triggered by the death of Charles II of Spain and fears of French dominance, resulting in the Treaty of Utrecht.
What was the significance of the Treaty of Utrecht?
It ended the War of the Spanish Succession, recognized Philip as King of Spain, and redistributed territories, impacting the balance of power in Europe.
What happened during the Seven Years' War?
A global conflict between major European powers over European and colonial dominance, ending with the Treaty of Paris.
What was the significance of the Treaty of Paris (1763)?
Ended the Seven Years' War, significantly altering the global balance of power, with Britain gaining vast territories from France.
What was the significance of the Treaty of Tordesillas?
Divided newly discovered lands outside Europe between Portugal and Spain, influencing the colonization of South America.
When did the Dutch colonize New York?
Early 1600s, led by Henry Hudson.
When did Spain dominate the Americas?
1500s.
What was the role of the Dutch East India Company?
Took over many Portuguese trading posts and became a major player in global trade.
What was France's main goal in Haiti?
Establish profitable sugar plantations using enslaved Africans.
What was the result of France trying to get into India?
France lost out to the British after the Seven Years' War.
Who was Charles II of Spain?
His death without an heir triggered the War of the Spanish Succession.
Who was Henry Hudson?
Explored for the Dutch and claimed New York.
Who was Philip (in relation to the War of Spanish Succession)?
Recognized as King of Spain after the War of the Spanish Succession.
What was the role of Spanish Conquistadors?
Explored and conquered vast territories in the Americas for Spain, seeking wealth and spreading Catholicism.
What was the role of Portuguese Explorers?
Pioneered maritime routes to Africa and Asia, establishing trading posts and claiming territories for Portugal.
What was the role of Dutch Merchants?
Dominated global trade through the Dutch East India Company, establishing a vast network of trading posts and colonies.
What was the role of French Missionaries?
Sought to convert indigenous populations to Catholicism in the Americas and Asia, often working alongside traders and colonists.
What was the role of British Colonists?
Established settlements in North America, seeking economic opportunities, religious freedom, and land ownership.
What was the role of African Slaves?
Provided forced labor on plantations in the Americas, contributing to the economic wealth of European colonial powers.
What was the role of Indigenous Populations?
Resisted European colonization, often through armed conflict, while also engaging in trade and cultural exchange with European settlers.
What is the definition of Mercantilism?
An economic policy focused on maximizing exports and accumulating wealth (gold and silver) for the mother country through strict regulation of trade with its colonies.
What is the definition of Asiento?
A contract granting a country or company the right to provide enslaved Africans to Spanish colonies.
What is the definition of a Colony?
A territory controlled and governed by a foreign power, often for economic exploitation and strategic advantage.
What is the definition of Joint-Stock Company?
A business entity where different stocks can be bought and owned by shareholders. Used to finance colonial ventures.
What is the definition of Merchant Oligarchies?
A small group of wealthy merchants who control the government and economy of a city or region.
What is the definition of Transatlantic Slave Trade?
The forced transportation of enslaved Africans to the Americas, primarily to work on plantations, creating a vast and brutal system of exploitation.
What is the definition of Treaty?
A formal agreement between two or more states in reference to terms of peace, trade, alliance, or other international relations.
What is the definition of Colonial Rivalry?
Competition among European powers to establish and expand their colonies, leading to conflicts and shifting alliances.
What is the definition of Plantation?
A large-scale agricultural estate, typically in the colonies, specializing in the production of cash crops like sugar, tobacco, or cotton, often relying on enslaved labor.
What is the definition of Religious Tolerance?
Acceptance of different religious beliefs and practices within a society.