All Flashcards
Who was Prince Henry the Navigator?
Portuguese prince who sponsored voyages down the African coast, driving early exploration.
Who was Vasco da Gama?
Portuguese explorer who sailed around Africa to India, establishing a crucial trade route.
Who was Christopher Columbus?
Sailed for Spain and landed in the Americas while seeking a westward route to Asia.
Who was Amerigo Vespucci?
Explored the South American coast; the Americas are named after him.
Who was Ferdinand Magellan?
Led the first expedition to circumnavigate the globe, though he died during the voyage.
Who was Jean-Baptiste Colbert?
French theorist who promoted mercantilist policies to strengthen the state's economy.
What is Mercantilism?
Economic theory focused on accumulating wealth and power for the state through a favorable balance of trade and self-sufficiency.
Define Sternpost Rudder.
A rudder mounted on the stern of a ship, improving maneuverability.
What is Cartography?
The art and science of mapmaking; its advancement enabled longer voyages.
Define Favorable Balance of Trade.
Exporting more goods than importing to accumulate wealth.
What is Self-Sufficiency (in mercantilism)?
Acquiring raw materials to avoid reliance on other nations, often through colonies.
What were the causes and effects of technological advancements in exploration?
Causes: Renaissance curiosity, desire for trade. Effects: Enabled longer voyages, military advantage, increased exploration and colonization.
What were the causes and effects of Portugal's exploration of Africa?
Causes: Desire for spices, gold, slaves, spread of Christianity. Effects: Established trade routes, slave trade, colonies in Africa and India.
What were the causes and effects of Spain's exploration of the Americas?
Causes: Desire for a westward route to Asia. Effects: Colonization of the Americas, spread of Catholicism, exploitation of indigenous populations, Columbian Exchange.
What were the causes and effects of Mercantilism?
Causes: Desire for wealth and power for the state. Effects: Exploration, colonization, trade regulations, conflicts between nations.