Italian Renaissance focused on classical texts and mythology; Northern Renaissance emphasized religious reform and everyday life.

Italian Renaissance art was less detailed in naturalism and more mythological; Northern Renaissance art was detailed in naturalism, depicting domestic and religious scenes.

Italian Renaissance focused on intellectual and artistic achievements; Northern Renaissance focused on religious and social reforms.

Dutch scholar, 'prince of humanism,' criticized Church corruption, created new edition of the New Testament.

Known for detailed scenes of peasant life and symbolic representations in his art.

Famous for his detailed portraits and study of human anatomy in his paintings.

Inventor of the printing press in the 15th century.

Cause: Desire to blend classical learning with Christian faith. Effect: Religious reform and emphasis on individual potential.

Cause: Desire for faster and cheaper book production. Effect: Increased literacy, spread of ideas, religious reform.

Cause: Spread of Renaissance ideas from Italy and a desire for religious and social reform. Effect: New artistic styles, increased literacy, and the Protestant Reformation.

Cause: Northern humanists sought to understand the original teachings of the Church. Effect: Identification of discrepancies with Catholic teachings and a desire for reform.

Cause: The invention of the printing press made books more accessible. Effect: Greater engagement with religious and political texts and the spread of new ideas.

Cause: Increased access to religious texts and a desire for religious reform. Effect: Fueling the demand for reforms and challenging the authority of the Catholic Church.

Cause: A desire to depict the world accurately and a focus on everyday life. Effect: Detailed and precise depictions of individuals and scenes from daily life.