All Flashcards
Define infectious disease.
A disease caused by pathogenic microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, parasites or fungi.
What is MRSA?
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, a drug-resistant bacterium.
Define dysentery.
An inflammatory disease of the intestine causing severe diarrhea with blood and mucus.
What is mesothelioma?
A rare cancer caused by asbestos exposure.
Define hypoxia.
Deficiency of oxygen in the body.
Define hypercapnia.
Excess of carbon dioxide in the blood.
What is tropospheric ozone?
A harmful air pollutant found in the lower atmosphere.
Define aerobic respiration.
Respiration using oxygen to produce energy, yielding CO2 and H2O.
Define anaerobic respiration.
Respiration without oxygen, producing lactic acid or ethanol.
What are VOCs?
Volatile Organic Compounds, which react with pollutants to form tropospheric ozone.
How does malnutrition affect infectious disease?
Weakens the immune system, increasing susceptibility to infections.
Why is sanitation important for disease prevention?
Poor sanitation facilitates the transmission of waterborne diseases.
Why is drug resistance a growing concern?
Overuse of antibiotics has led to drug-resistant pathogens, making treatment more difficult.
How does climate change affect vector-borne diseases?
Warmer temperatures increase the range of mosquitoes and ticks, spreading diseases.
How does urbanization contribute to disease spread?
Overcrowding, poor living conditions, and increased human-vector contact facilitate transmission.
What is the role of the diaphragm in respiration?
Muscle that helps draw air into the lungs.
How is tropospheric ozone formed?
By chemical reactions between pollutants and VOCs in the presence of sunlight.
Why is tropospheric ozone harmful?
Harmful to people with respiratory conditions and damages crops and forests.
What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
Aerobic uses oxygen, anaerobic does not. Aerobic produces CO2 and water, anaerobic produces lactic acid or ethanol.
Why are infectious diseases a global challenge?
They are a major global health concern, especially in developing countries, due to factors like malnutrition and poor sanitation.
How can controlling emissions from industrial facilities help?
Reduces the formation of tropospheric ozone.
How can using alternative transportation help?
Reduces emissions that contribute to tropospheric ozone formation.
How can promoting energy efficiency help?
Reduces emissions from power plants, lowering tropospheric ozone levels.
How can promoting renewable energy help?
Reduces emissions from power plants, lowering tropospheric ozone levels.