Underlying rock that breaks down to form soil.

Breakdown of parent material into smaller pieces (physical/chemical).

A distinct layer within a soil profile.

Surface litter, decaying organic matter in the O horizon.

Mixture of organic matter and minerals; the A horizon.

Process of leaching nutrients from the E horizon.

Zone of accumulation; the B horizon.

Removal of topsoil by wind or water.

Pollution caused by eroded soil entering waterways.

Loss of soil quality due to nutrient depletion or pollution.

Underlying rock that breaks down to form soil.

Breakdown of parent material into smaller pieces by physical or chemical means.

Surface litter; decaying organic matter.

Mixture of organic matter and minerals; most fertile layer.

Process of leaching nutrients from the E horizon.

Removal of topsoil by wind or water.

Pollution of waterways by eroded soil.

Loss of soil quality due to nutrient depletion or pollution.

Distinct layers of soil.

The addition of new materials to the soil through wind and water.

Loss of topsoil reduces nutrients needed for plant growth.

Sediment pollution, reduced filtration, and increased pollutants.

Increased erosion due to lack of root structure and cover.

Compaction, reduced vegetation cover, and increased erosion.

Massive crop failures and economic hardship.

Increased soil erosion.