All Flashcards
What is the effect of high parental care on survivorship?
Increased survival rates, especially in early life stages.
What is the effect of habitat loss on survivorship?
Decreased survival rates, especially if it impacts breeding or feeding grounds.
What is the effect of being an r-selected species on survivorship?
High mortality rates early in life, with few individuals surviving to old age (Type III).
What is the effect of being a K-selected species on survivorship?
High survival rates until old age, followed by a rapid decline (Type I).
What is the effect of predation on survivorship?
Decreased survival rates, especially for vulnerable life stages.
What is the effect of climate change on survivorship?
Can alter habitat conditions, food availability, and breeding success, affecting survivorship differently for various species.
What is the effect of disease outbreaks on survivorship?
Can cause significant mortality, particularly in dense populations or those with weakened immune systems.
What is the effect of hunting on survivorship?
Can reduce population size and alter age structure, impacting overall survivorship.
What is the effect of pollution on survivorship?
Exposure to toxins can reduce survival rates, especially in sensitive species or life stages.
What is the effect of competition on survivorship?
Increased competition for resources can reduce survival rates, particularly for weaker individuals or species.
What do survivorship curves show?
Mortality patterns, age-specific survival, and parental care impact.
What are the characteristics of Type I curves?
High survival until old age, sharp mortality increase later; typical of K-selected species.
What are the characteristics of Type II curves?
Constant death rate throughout lifespan; age doesn't impact survival probability.
What are the characteristics of Type III curves?
High mortality early in life, few survive to old age; typical of r-selected species.
How do K-selected species relate to survivorship curves?
They typically exhibit Type I survivorship curves.
How do r-selected species relate to survivorship curves?
They typically exhibit Type III survivorship curves.
How does parental care affect survivorship?
High parental care often leads to higher survivorship rates, especially early in life.
Why are survivorship curves important for conservation?
They help identify vulnerable life stages of endangered species.
How do survivorship curves aid wildlife management?
By understanding how mortality rates are affected by factors like hunting or habitat loss.
What insights do survivorship curves provide into ecosystems?
They provide insights into the dynamics of ecosystems and how different species interact.
How does high parental care affect offspring survival?
Increases offspring survival, leading to Type I curves.
How does habitat loss affect survivorship?
Can increase mortality, especially in early life stages (Type III).
How does predation affect survivorship?
Can significantly reduce survival rates, especially for vulnerable young.
How does climate change affect survivorship?
Can alter habitat conditions and increase mortality rates in sensitive species.
How does overhunting affect survivorship?
Can drastically reduce adult populations, shifting survivorship curves.
How does disease affect survivorship?
Can cause mass mortality events, altering population structure.
How does pollution affect survivorship?
Can weaken individuals and increase susceptibility to disease and predation.
How does competition affect survivorship?
Increased competition for resources can lower survival rates, especially for young or weak individuals.
How does invasive species affect survivorship?
Invasive species can outcompete native species and increase mortality rates.
How does lack of genetic diversity affect survivorship?
Populations with low genetic diversity are more susceptible to disease and environmental changes, decreasing survivorship.