All Flashcards
What factors cause high birth rates in Stage 1 of the DTM?
Lack of family planning, high infant mortality, need for farm labor.
Why do death rates decline in Stage 2 of the DTM?
Improved healthcare, sanitation, and food availability.
What leads to declining birth rates in Stage 3 of the DTM?
Increased education, family planning, and urbanization.
What characterizes population growth in Stage 4 of the DTM?
Low birth rates, low death rates, and stable or declining population.
What is the main characteristic of Stage 5 of the DTM?
Low CDR, rising CBR, and a stable or slowly increasing growth rate.
How does industrialization affect the DTM?
Leads to decreased death rates in Stage 2 and decreased birth rates in Stage 3.
How does the DTM relate to resource management?
Understanding the DTM helps predict population trends and plan for resource allocation.
How is the DTM connected to urbanization?
Urbanization often leads to lower birth rates as seen in Stage 3.
What is the relationship between development and the DTM?
Countries move through the DTM as they develop, reflecting societal changes.
What are some limitations of the DTM?
It is a model, and real-world scenarios can be more complex and vary from the model's predictions.
How does improved healthcare affect population growth?
Leads to lower death rates, causing a population boom in early stages.
How does increased access to education affect birth rates?
Leads to lower birth rates as women pursue careers and family planning becomes more common.
What's the effect of high infant mortality on birth rates?
High infant mortality leads to higher birth rates as families try to ensure some children survive.
How does urbanization affect birth rates?
Urbanization typically leads to lower birth rates due to smaller living spaces and increased cost of raising children.
What are the environmental impacts of rapid population growth?
Increased resource consumption, pollution, habitat loss, and deforestation.
How does an aging population affect a country's growth rate?
Can lead to a stable or slowly increasing growth rate, or even decline, depending on birth rates.
What is the impact of improved sanitation on death rates?
Improved sanitation leads to lower death rates due to reduced spread of disease.
How does increased food availability affect population?
Increased food availability lowers death rates, especially in early DTM stages.
What is the effect of family planning on birth rates?
Increased access to family planning leads to lower birth rates.
How does a shift to a post-industrial economy affect birth and death rates?
Leads to low birth and death rates, resulting in stable or declining population.
What is Crude Birth Rate (CBR)?
The number of births per 1,000 individuals in a population per year.
What is Crude Death Rate (CDR)?
The number of deaths per 1,000 individuals in a population per year.
Define Demographic Transition Model (DTM).
A model that describes population change over time as a country develops.
What characterizes Stage 1 of the DTM?
High CBR and high CDR, resulting in low population growth.
What characterizes Stage 2 of the DTM?
High CBR and declining CDR, resulting in high population growth.
What characterizes Stage 3 of the DTM?
Declining CBR and declining CDR, resulting in slowing population growth.
What characterizes Stage 4 of the DTM?
Low CBR and low CDR, resulting in low or zero population growth.
What characterizes Stage 5 of the DTM?
Low CDR and rising CBR, resulting in a stable or slowly increasing growth rate.
What is meant by 'Pre-industrial' stage in relation to DTM?
High birth and death rates, limited resources, and high infant mortality.
What is meant by 'Transitional' stage in relation to DTM?
Improved health care and sanitation, leading to a drop in death rates. Birth rates remain high, causing a population boom.
What is meant by 'Industrial' stage in relation to DTM?
Birth rates start to decline due to education and family planning. Population growth slows.
What is meant by 'Post-industrial' stage in relation to DTM?
Low birth and death rates. Population stabilizes or declines.