All Flashcards
What is Crude Birth Rate (CBR)?
The number of births per 1,000 individuals in a population per year.
What is Crude Death Rate (CDR)?
The number of deaths per 1,000 individuals in a population per year.
Define Demographic Transition Model (DTM).
A model that describes population change over time as a country develops.
What characterizes Stage 1 of the DTM?
High CBR and high CDR, resulting in low population growth.
What characterizes Stage 2 of the DTM?
High CBR and declining CDR, resulting in high population growth.
What characterizes Stage 3 of the DTM?
Declining CBR and declining CDR, resulting in slowing population growth.
What characterizes Stage 4 of the DTM?
Low CBR and low CDR, resulting in low or zero population growth.
What characterizes Stage 5 of the DTM?
Low CDR and rising CBR, resulting in a stable or slowly increasing growth rate.
What is meant by 'Pre-industrial' stage in relation to DTM?
High birth and death rates, limited resources, and high infant mortality.
What is meant by 'Transitional' stage in relation to DTM?
Improved health care and sanitation, leading to a drop in death rates. Birth rates remain high, causing a population boom.
What is meant by 'Industrial' stage in relation to DTM?
Birth rates start to decline due to education and family planning. Population growth slows.
What is meant by 'Post-industrial' stage in relation to DTM?
Low birth and death rates. Population stabilizes or declines.
How does improved healthcare affect population growth?
It reduces death rates, leading to population growth, especially in Stage 2.
How does increased access to education affect birth rates?
It leads to lower birth rates as people delay having children and focus on careers.
How does urbanization affect birth rates?
Urbanization often leads to lower birth rates due to smaller living spaces and changing lifestyles.
What is the effect of high infant mortality on birth rates?
High infant mortality often leads to higher birth rates as families try to ensure some children survive.
How does an aging population affect a country's economy?
It can strain social security systems and lead to a smaller workforce, impacting economic growth.
What is the impact of increased resource consumption on the environment?
Increased resource consumption leads to habitat loss, pollution, and depletion of natural resources.
How does access to family planning affect population growth?
It allows individuals to control family size, typically leading to lower birth rates and slower population growth.
What is the effect of modernization on death rates?
Modernization leads to access to food and improved healthcare lowers death rate.
What happens when the birth rate falls below the death rate?
The population will decrease.
How does improved healthcare affect population growth?
Leads to lower death rates, causing a population boom in early stages.
How does increased access to education affect birth rates?
Leads to lower birth rates as women pursue careers and family planning becomes more common.
What's the effect of high infant mortality on birth rates?
High infant mortality leads to higher birth rates as families try to ensure some children survive.
How does urbanization affect birth rates?
Urbanization typically leads to lower birth rates due to smaller living spaces and increased cost of raising children.
What are the environmental impacts of rapid population growth?
Increased resource consumption, pollution, habitat loss, and deforestation.
How does an aging population affect a country's growth rate?
Can lead to a stable or slowly increasing growth rate, or even decline, depending on birth rates.
What is the impact of improved sanitation on death rates?
Improved sanitation leads to lower death rates due to reduced spread of disease.
How does increased food availability affect population?
Increased food availability lowers death rates, especially in early DTM stages.
What is the effect of family planning on birth rates?
Increased access to family planning leads to lower birth rates.
How does a shift to a post-industrial economy affect birth and death rates?
Leads to low birth and death rates, resulting in stable or declining population.