All Flashcards
What is the structure of a classical argument?
Introduction, narration, confirmation, refutation, conclusion.
What is the purpose of a Rogerian argument?
To find common ground and reach a compromise with the opposing viewpoint.
What is a claim?
A statement that asserts a belief or position. It requires defense.
What is evidence in argumentation?
Facts, statistics, examples, and expert opinions used to support a claim.
What is a warrant in argumentation?
The underlying assumption that connects the claim and the evidence.
What is inductive reasoning?
Moving from specific observations to a general conclusion.
What is deductive reasoning?
Moving from a general statement to a specific conclusion.
What is the Toulmin model of argumentation?
Claim, data, warrant, backing, qualifier, rebuttal.
What is the purpose of a rebuttal in argumentation?
To address and refute potential counterarguments.
What is the role of concession in argumentation?
Acknowledging the validity of a part of the opposing argument.
What is ad hominem?
Attacking the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself.
What is a straw man fallacy?
Misrepresenting an opponent's argument to make it easier to attack.
What is a false dilemma?
Presenting only two options when more exist.
What is a bandwagon fallacy?
Arguing that something is true because it is popular.
What is a hasty generalization?
Drawing a conclusion based on insufficient evidence.
What is post hoc ergo propter hoc?
Assuming that because one event followed another, the first event caused the second.
What is begging the question?
Assuming the conclusion in the premise.
What is red herring?
Introducing an irrelevant topic to divert attention from the main issue.
What is slippery slope?
Arguing that one event will inevitably lead to a series of negative consequences.
What is appeal to authority?
Claiming something is true simply because an authority figure said so, without sufficient evidence.
What is a simple sentence?
A sentence containing one independent clause.
What is a compound sentence?
A sentence containing two or more independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction or semicolon.
What is a complex sentence?
A sentence containing one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses.
What is a compound-complex sentence?
A sentence containing two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.
What is an independent clause?
A clause that can stand alone as a sentence.
What is a dependent clause?
A clause that cannot stand alone as a sentence and relies on an independent clause.
What is active voice?
A sentence structure where the subject performs the action.
What is passive voice?
A sentence structure where the subject receives the action.
What is subject-verb agreement?
The verb must agree in number with its subject.
What is a misplaced modifier?
A modifier that is placed too far from the word it modifies, causing confusion.