All Flashcards
What are the key differences between pH and pOH?
pH: Measures acidity, based on [H+]. Lower pH = more acidic. | pOH: Measures basicity, based on [OH-]. Lower pOH = more basic.
Compare strong acids and weak acids in terms of dissociation.
Strong acids: Completely dissociate in water. | Weak acids: Partially dissociate in water, establishing an equilibrium.
Compare calculating the pH of a strong acid versus a weak acid.
Strong acid: pH calculated directly from the concentration of the acid. | Weak acid: pH calculated using the Ka expression and an ICE table.
What are the key differences between strong bases and weak bases?
Strong bases: Completely dissociate in water. | Weak bases: Partially dissociate in water, establishing an equilibrium.
Compare calculating the pOH of a strong base versus a weak base.
Strong base: pOH calculated directly from the concentration of the base. | Weak base: pOH calculated using the Kb expression and an ICE table.
What is the definition of pH?
pH is a measure of the concentration of protons (H+) in a solution; it indicates how acidic a solution is.
What is the definition of pOH?
pOH is a measure of the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) in a solution; it indicates how basic a solution is.
Define Kw.
Kw is the equilibrium constant for the autoionization of water, equal to at 25°C.
What does it mean for a strong acid to 'completely dissociate'?
It means the acid breaks apart 100% into ions when dissolved in water, with no equilibrium established.
Define autoionization of water.
The process where water self-ionizes into H+ and OH- ions, represented by the equilibrium:
What is the effect of increasing [H+] in a solution?
The pH decreases, making the solution more acidic.
What is the effect of increasing [OH-] in a solution?
The pOH decreases, and the pH increases, making the solution more basic.
What happens to pH if a strong acid is added to water?
The pH decreases significantly, as the concentration of H+ ions increases dramatically.
What happens to pOH if a strong base is added to water?
The pOH decreases significantly, as the concentration of OH- ions increases dramatically.
What is the effect of temperature increase on Kw?
Kw increases, meaning the autoionization of water is more favored at higher temperatures.