All Flashcards
What are the differences between evolution at the individual level and the population level?
Individual: Changes within an organism's lifetime are not evolution. Population: Evolution is the change in the genetic makeup of a population over generations.
What is the effect of antibiotic use on bacterial populations?
Increased antibiotic resistance due to natural selection favoring resistant bacteria.
What is the effect of pesticide exposure on insect populations?
Evolution of pesticide resistance, leading to reduced effectiveness of the pesticide.
What is the effect of genomic changes in a population?
Can lead to new traits, adaptations, and potentially the formation of new species.
What is the effect of pathogen evolution?
Emergence of new diseases or re-emergence of old ones, posing threats to human health.
What is the effect of continuous change in the fossil record?
Provides evidence for the evolution of life over millions of years and the extinction of many species.
What are the steps of natural selection leading to antibiotic resistance?
- Random mutations occur in bacteria. 2. Some mutations confer resistance to antibiotics. 3. When exposed to antibiotics, resistant bacteria survive and reproduce. 4. Over time, the population shifts to become predominantly resistant.
How do genomic changes lead to new species?
- Mutations, recombination, and genetic drift alter the genetic makeup of a population. 2. These changes accumulate over time, leading to new traits. 3. If the genetic changes are significant enough, the population may diverge and form a new species that can no longer interbreed with the original population.