All Flashcards
What are the main phases of Meiosis?
Meiosis I (separating homologous pairs) and Meiosis II (separating sister chromatids).
What are the key steps of Prophase I?
DNA condenses into chromosomes, nuclear membrane disappears, homologous chromosomes pair up, and crossing over occurs.
What happens during Metaphase I?
Homologous chromosome pairs line up at the center of the cell with random alignment.
What occurs during Anaphase I?
Homologous chromosomes are separated and move to opposite poles; sister chromatids remain attached.
What are the steps of Meiosis II?
Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, and Telophase II, resulting in four genetically unique haploid daughter cells.
What are the simplified steps of Meiosis?
DNA Replication, Homologous Pairing, Crossing Over, Meiosis I Division, Meiosis II Division.
In a diagram of a cell in Metaphase I, what are the structures at the center of the cell?
Homologous chromosome pairs.
In a diagram of Anaphase I, what are being pulled to opposite poles?
Homologous chromosomes.
In a diagram of Prophase I, what is the area where homologous chromosomes are intertwined called?
Chiasmata (site of crossing over).
In a diagram showing the difference between diploid and haploid cells, how many chromosomes are in a human diploid cell?
46
In a diagram showing the difference between diploid and haploid cells, how many chromosomes are in a human haploid cell?
23
What is the effect of crossing over during Prophase I?
Increases genetic diversity by creating new combinations of genes.
What is the effect of random alignment of chromosomes during Metaphase I?
Increases genetic diversity by creating different combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes in daughter cells.
What happens if gametes were diploid instead of haploid?
Fertilization would result in offspring with double the normal chromosome number.
What is the result of Meiosis?
Four genetically unique haploid daughter cells.
What is the effect of separating homologous chromosomes in Meiosis I?
Creates two haploid cells, each with a mix of maternal and paternal DNA.
What is the result of separating sister chromatids in Meiosis II?
Four genetically unique haploid cells are formed.