All Flashcards
What are the steps of the endosymbiotic process?
- Early eukaryote engulfs a prokaryote. 2. Prokaryote becomes an endosymbiont. 3. Symbiotic relationship becomes permanent. 4. Endosymbiont evolves into an organelle.
What is the effect of a prokaryote being engulfed by a larger cell and not being digested?
The prokaryote becomes an endosymbiont, potentially evolving into an organelle like a mitochondrion or chloroplast.
What is the effect of endosymbiosis on the host cell?
The host cell gains a selective advantage through increased energy production (ATP) or photosynthesis.
What is the effect of mitochondria and chloroplasts having a double membrane?
The inner membrane is from the original prokaryote, and the outer membrane is from the engulfing host cell, providing evidence for endosymbiosis.
What are the key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic: Simple structure, circular DNA, no membrane-bound organelles. Eukaryotic: Complex structure, linear DNA, membrane-bound organelles.
Compare the DNA in prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes.
Prokaryotes: Single, circular DNA loop. Eukaryotes: Multiple, linear chromosomes within a nucleus.