A writer and politician from Martinique, he was a key figure in the Négritude movement and author of "Discourse on Colonialism."

A Senegalese poet, politician, and theorist, he was a key figure in the Négritude movement and promoted the concept of "African socialism."

A Cuban poet and journalist, he was a key figure in the Negrismo movement and celebrated Afro-Cuban culture in his poetry.

An African American artist associated with the Harlem Renaissance, she explored her cultural heritage in works like "Les Fétiches."

A Cuban artist known for blending African, Caribbean, and European influences, his work "The Jungle" commented on colonialism and cultural resilience.

Editor of the NAACP journal The Crisis, she condemned racism and colonialism as interrelated means of dehumanizing people of African descent.

An American poet, social activist, novelist, playwright, and columnist from Joplin, Missouri. He was one of the earliest innovators of the then-new literary art form called jazz poetry.

A French Guianese poet and politician, he was one of the founders of the Négritude movement.

A Puerto Rican poet who is credited with founding the Afro-Antillean poetry movement.

Cause: European desire for resources/power. Effect: Exploitation, cultural suppression, resistance movements.

Cause: Great Migration, Black cultural expression. Effect: Inspired Négritude and Negrismo.

Cause: Belief in French cultural superiority. Effect: Rejection by colonized, rise of Négritude.

Cause: Justification for colonial exploitation. Effect: Dehumanization, resistance, movements for equality.

Cause: Jim Crow laws, economic opportunity. Effect: Harlem Renaissance, new Black cultural expression.

Cause: Industrial revolution, desire for profit. Effect: Exploitation of colonized peoples, resistance movements.

Cause: Critique of colonialism's brutality. Effect: Influenced postcolonial thought, inspired resistance.

Cause: Marginalization of Afro-Cubans. Effect: Celebrated Black culture, critiqued social inequalities.

Cause: Belief in equality, resistance to oppression. Effect: Reclaiming African culture, movements for liberation.

Cause: Shared experiences of oppression. Effect: Solidarity between African Americans, Négritude, and Negrismo.

A political, cultural, and literary movement (1930s-1950s) celebrating Blackness and resisting colonialism.

A movement in the Spanish-speaking Caribbean celebrating African contributions to Latin American culture.

A cultural and intellectual revival of African American arts and literature during the 1920s and 1930s.

A colonial policy aimed at integrating colonized people into the culture and society of the colonizer.

The practice of interpreting the world from a European perspective, often prioritizing European values and culture.

The policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically.

The political and ideological resistance to colonial rule and the desire for independence and self-determination.

A political ideology promoted by Léopold Sédar Senghor based on traditional African values of community and sharing.

The dispersion of any people from their original homeland.

Focused on the African American experience, particularly the struggle against Jim Crow laws and lynching in the U.S.