All Flashcards
What was the impact on Black Businesses?
Black-owned businesses flourished in Northern cities, creating economic opportunities and supporting the growing Black population.
What was the impact on Black Churches?
Black churches played a crucial role in supporting migrants, providing community, and becoming centers of social and political activism.
What was the impact on Black Music?
The Great Migration contributed to the spread and evolution of musical genres like jazz and blues in Northern cities.
What was the impact on Black Literature?
The Great Migration influenced the themes and narratives in African American literature, reflecting the experiences of migration and urban life.
What was the impact on Harlem?
Harlem became a vibrant cultural center, fostering artistic expression and a sense of community among Black migrants.
What was the impact on Bronzeville?
Bronzeville in Chicago became another significant cultural hub, reflecting the experiences and contributions of Black migrants.
What was the impact on Shared Culture?
The migration connected Black communities across the country, leading to a shared cultural identity and collective experiences.
What was the impact on Leisure?
Migrants shifted from working the land to enjoying urban parks and recreation, contributing to a new cultural landscape.
What was the impact on Community?
Urban environments fostered a sense of community and identity among Black migrants, leading to social and political organization.
What was the impact on Black Newspapers?
Black newspapers like The Chicago Defender played a crucial role in disseminating information and encouraging migration.
Define Great Migration.
Largest internal migration in US history; 6 million African Americans moved from the South to the North, Midwest, and West.
What are push factors?
Reasons that made African Americans want to leave the South (racial violence, limited economic opportunities, environmental issues).
What are pull factors?
Reasons that attracted African Americans to the North, Midwest, and West (job opportunities, higher wages, hope for safety).
Define sharecropping.
An agricultural system where tenant farmers give a portion of their crops to the landowner as rent; kept Black families in debt.
What were Jim Crow laws?
State and local laws enforcing racial segregation in the Southern United States.
Define lynching.
Mob violence and racial terrorism used to intimidate and control African Americans.
What was the boll weevil?
An insect that destroyed cotton crops, a major source of income for Black farmers in the South.
What is the National Urban League?
Organization formed to help Black migrants adjust to urban life, providing support and resources.
What is the significance of the Chicago Defender?
A Black newspaper that spread news and encouraged migration to the North.
Define visual narrative.
A story told through visual means, such as paintings or photographs.
Define Great Migration.
Largest internal migration in U.S. history; ~6 million African Americans moved from the South to the North, Midwest, and West (1910s-1970s).
Define Push Factors.
Reasons that made African Americans want to leave the South, such as racial violence and limited economic opportunities.
Define Pull Factors.
Reasons that attracted African Americans to the North, Midwest, and West, such as job opportunities and higher wages.
What was Jim Crow?
System of segregation and discrimination prevalent in the South, characterized by racial violence and limited rights for African Americans.
What was sharecropping?
An agricultural system where Black families were kept in debt and poverty by working on land owned by White landowners.
What was the boll weevil?
An insect that destroyed cotton crops in the South, contributing to economic hardship and prompting migration.
What is the National Urban League?
Organization formed to help Black migrants adjust to urban life, providing support services and advocating for civil rights.
Define Racial Violence.
Acts of violence, including lynchings, perpetrated against African Americans due to racial prejudice and discrimination.
Define Environmental Factors.
Natural disasters such as floods and droughts that ruined crops and farms, leading to economic hardship for Black Southerners.
What is the Black Press?
Newspapers like The Chicago Defender that spread information about job opportunities and encouraged migration to the North.