An African American artist known for his Migration Series, which visually depicts the experiences of the Great Migration.

Push Factors: Reasons people leave (e.g., violence, poverty). Pull Factors: Reasons people are attracted (e.g., jobs, safety).

Cause: Racial violence, economic hardship in South. Effect: Transformation of American cities, new cultural hubs.

Cause: World Wars. Effect: Northern employers sought Black workers from the South.

Cause: Floods, droughts, boll weevil. Effect: Ruined crops and farms, poverty for Black families.

Cause: Racial Segregation. Effect: Violence, limited rights, hope for safety in the North.

Cause: Expansion of the railway system. Effect: Made travel easier for migrants.

Cause: Newspapers like The Chicago Defender. Effect: Spread information about jobs and encouraged migration.

Cause: Need to help migrants adjust to urban life. Effect: Provided housing, job training, and social services.

Cause: Southern employers tried to stop migration. Effect: Violence and fear for Black people trying to leave.

Cause: Migrants moving to cities. Effect: New skills, leisure activities, and community.

Cause: Migration and changing demographics. Effect: Increased tensions in both South and North.